Covalent Triazine‐based Frameworks—Tailor‐made Catalysts and Catalyst Supports for Molecular and Nanoparticulate Species

Abstract

The quest for active, selective and stable catalysts for various applications has led researchers worldwide to investigate several combinations of molecular and solid catalyst systems. Solid molecular catalysts are considered to combine selectivity and reactivity of the molecular species with facile handling and good stability of the heterogeneous counterpart. Among other nanoporous polymers, covalent triazine‐based frameworks (CTFs) exhibit great potential as supports for both molecular as well as nanoparticulate species. Their high chemical and thermal stability in combination with tunable functionality to imbed active sites make them promising candidates to bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This Minireview seeks to outline the most recent developments in order to amplify research efforts within this fascinating and fast emerging field of material design and application. Emphasis is placed on the most recent advances in the following fields: Synthesis approaches and characteristics of CTFs, solid molecular catalysts and metal nanoparticles supported on CTFs as well as current challenges.

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

“…The nitrogen moieties within the CTFs can provide coordination anchors or support for metal species [33,34]. They allow for the stabilization of metal nanoparticles and for a good dispersion of active species that are formed upon reduction of coordinated or impregnated metal precursors while minimizing their agglomeration and leaching [35]. In the literature we can find some studies that are focused on CTFs as catalysts for ORR.…”

A chelate like no other: exploring the synthesis, coordination chemistry and applications of imidoyl amidine frameworks

“…22 In the past few decades these two classes of compounds have been extensively studied in various fields, such as medicinal chemistry due to their excellent antitumor and anti-inflammatory activity, 22,23 in coordination and materials chemistry 24 as ligands for the preparation of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with significant CO 2 capture capabilities, 25 as well as in catalysis. 26 Additionally, ImAm moieties have been successfully used as starting materials for the preparation of boratriazines (BTA). Complexation of ImAm with boron leads to a new class of materials, similar to those of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), which have been studied for their sharp fluorescence peaks, 27 high thermal resistance, 28 strong UV-absorption 29 and excellent stability.…”

Influence of patch size and chemistry on the catalytic activity of patchy hybrid nonwovens

“…22 In addition, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been employed as versatile hosts for metal NPs. [23][24][25] Besides these examples polymeric supports, like nanocellulose, 26 micro-or nano-porous polymers, [27][28][29][30][31] microgels, 32,33 polyelectrolyte brushes, [34][35][36] dendrimers and unimolecular micelles, 37,38 as well as polymer micelles, [39][40][41][42][43][44] are highly attractive for NP stabilization, as their properties can be easily tailored to the demands of a specic catalytic application (NP stabilization, selectivity, and responsivity). In a different approach, polymer nanobers produced by electrospinning 45,46 or using polyelectrolyte brushes 47 can be used as a sacricial support for NPs, which can be removed by subsequent calcination.…”