Covalent Organic Frameworks: Emerging Organic Solid Materials for Energy and Electrochemical Applications

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), materials constructed from organic building blocks joined by robust covalent bonds, have emerged as attractive materials in the context of electrochemical applications because of their high, intrinsic porosities and crystalline frameworks, as well as their ability to be tuned across two- and three-dimensions by the judicious selection of building blocks. Because of the recent and rapid development of this field, we have summarized COFs employed for electrochemical applications, such as batteries and capacitors, water splitting, solar cells, and sensors, with an emphasis on the structural design and resulting performance of the targeted electrochemical system. Overall, we anticipate this review will stimulate the design and synthesis of the next generation of COFs for use in electrochemical applications and beyond.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for electrochemical applications

“…Because of these appealing properties, in recent years, vast research has been witnessed on COF-based materials for various applications, with an increasing interest in their utilization for electrocatalysis as well as electrochemical energy storage. [117][118][119] Early reports of COF materials for electrochemical applications as well as some notable performances of later reported COFs in the different electrochemical applications discussed in this review are summarized in Table 1. This review intends to timely summarize the recent progress in this field and to act as an inspiration for further development and utilization of COF materials in electrochemical applications.…”

Recent developments in conducting polymers: applications for electrochemistry

“…Nonetheless, electrochemical sensors suffer from limitations such as the electrochemically active interference in the sample, poor stability, difficult electron transfer pathway, as well as decreased limits of detection (LOD) and sensitivity. 6,7 Consequently, diverse electrochemical procedures are combined with various sensing electrodes to augment their LOD and sensitivity via the modication of the electrode materials.…”

Vertical 3D Printed Forest‐Inspired Hierarchical Plasmonic Superstructure for Photocatalysis

“…Efficient and reliable harness of clean and sustainable solar energy has been recognized as a promising way to address the growing energy demands and the increasing concerns about environmental pollution from the massive consumption of fossil fuels. Considerable efforts have been dedicated to developing technologies for efficient solar energy utilization, such as photocatalysis, [ 1–5 ] photovoltaics, [ 6–8 ] and solar‐to‐thermal technologies. [ 9,10 ] For these solar technologies, improving sunlight absorbability is of significant importance to achieve high efficiency of solar energy utilization.…”