Covalent organic frameworks: Design and applications in electrochemical energy storage devices

Abstract

As an emerging class of crystalline organic material, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess uniform porosity, versatile functionality, and precise control over designated structures. Aside from the favorable charge and mass transport pathways offered by the porous framework, COFs can also exhibit designed reversible redox activity. In the past few years, their potential has attracted a great deal of attention for charge storage and transport applications in various electrochemical energy storage devices, and numerous design strategies have been proposed to enhance the corresponding electrochemical properties. This review summarizes the working principle and synthesis methods of COFs and discusses significant findings for supercapacitors and various rechargeable battery systems, emphasizing the representative design strategies and their underlying relationship with electrochemical performances. In addition, key advances achieved by computations are highlighted along with the challenges and prospects in this field.

Unraveling the Design Principles of Battery‐Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices: From Fundamental Mechanisms to Microstructure Engineering and Challenging Perspectives

“…[240] For the design of all-climate electrode materials, the comprehensive performance of the bi-materials with high capacity and high rate is the key for the fast-charging application of BSHDs. Besides the conventional fast-charging electrode materials of both batteries and supercapacitors, some emerging materials that can be combined into the bi-materials are also worth studying, including VPO 5 , [241] layered iron vanadate ultrathin nanosheets, [242] heterostructure of nickel/ cobalt-MOF (NiCo-MOF) and phosphide (NiCoP), [243] conductive MOFs, [244][245][246][247] conductive intercalation pseudocapacitive materials, conductive conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), [248,249] conductive COFs [250][251][252] and MXenes. [253] For all-climate electrolyte design, both high temperature and low temperature performance of the battery needs to be taken into account.…”

Metalated covalent organic frameworks: from synthetic strategies to diverse applications

“…479 Also, the good thermostability and electrochemical stability of COFs undoubtedly can extend the cycle life of batteries. 480 To date, COFs have already been used to make lithium-ion, [481][482][483] sodium-ion, [484][485][486] potassiumion, 487,488 zinc-ion, 489,490 lithium-CO 2 , 491 lithium-sulfur, [492][493][494] and zinc-air batteries. 221 Functionally, COFs can be used as anodes, 362,475,495 cathodes, 478,496,497 solid-state electrolytes, [498][499][500] and separators.…”

Recent Progress in 2D Inorganic/Organic Charge Transfer Heterojunction Photodetectors

“…[81] As new substitution in energy storage devices, the COF and MOF exhibit the superiority due to its large specific surface areas. [20,82] The COF (ETBC-TAPT) possesses a bandgap of nearly 2.6 eV in VIS regime [83] and MOF (Ni-CAT-1) exist a narrow transit energy of 0.48 eV covering NIR band. [84] Another metal-organic material (CuTCNQ) owns a narrow bandgap of 0.37 eV and covers a 10 μm detection response.…”

“…These various types of 2D materials can play different roles in photodetector due to their distinctive optoelectronic characteristics. For comparison, the organic materials family have been exploited over the past few decades, including polymer, [ 17 ] molecule, [ 18 ] complex, [ 19 ] covalent organic framework (COF) [ 20 ] and metal organic framework (MOF). [ 21 ] They also cover wide range types of materials, such as ferroelectrics (poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrEE))), [ 22 ] semiconductor (pentacene), [ 23 ] insulator (poly(vinyl cinnamate) (PVCN)), [ 24 ] and photochromic molecules (DAEs).…”

“…These various types of 2D materials can play different roles in photodetector due to their distinctive optoelectronic characteristics. For comparison, the organic materials family have been exploited over the past few decades, including polymer, [17] molecule, [18] complex, [19] covalent organic framework (COF) [20] and metal organic framework…”