Covalent Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives for Better Metal Anodes in Rechargeable Batteries

Abstract

Metal anodes based on a plating/stripping electrochemistry such as metallic Li, Na, K, Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al are recognized as promising anode materials for constructing next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable metal batteries owing to their low electrochemical potential, high theoretical specific capacity, superior electronic conductivity, etc. However, inherent issues such as high chemical reactivity, severe growth of dendrites, huge volume changes, and unstable interface largely impede their practical application. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their derivatives as emerging multifunctional materials have already well addressed the inherent issues of metal anodes in the past several years due to their abundant metallophilic functional groups, special inner channels, and controllable structures. COFs and their derivatives can solve the issues of metal anodes by interfacial modification, homogenizing ion flux, acting as nucleation seeds, reducing the corrosion of metal anodes, and so on. Nevertheless, related reviews are still absent. Here we present a detailed review of multifunctional COFs and their derivatives in metal anodes for rechargeable metal batteries. Meanwhile, some outlooks and opinions are put forward. We believe the review can catch the eyes of relevant researchers and supply some inspiration for future research.

Porous organic polymers for high-performance supercapacitors

“…158 Recently, there have been many specialized reviews focused on POPs for rechargeable batteries. 159,160 Consequently, those contents are not included in this review.…”

Covalent Organic Framework for Rechargeable Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties of Ionic Conduction

“…COFs, possessing well‐defined pore structure, low density, large surface area, desired chemical motifs, and excellent stability, have achieved great successes in the rechargeable battery application. [ 3,22,23,44–49,120–130 ] Moreover, the emerging ion‐conducting COFs with excellent ionic conductivity and high cation transfer number can reduce the battery polarization and improve the charging/discharging kinetics of electrodes. [ 131–143 ] The distinctive directional selectivity of ionic conduction in COFs is obviously different from the typical inorganic solid conductors and polymer conductors, so that COFs are suitable for diverse battery applications, including lithium‐ion, [ 144–166 ] lithium–sulfur, [ 167–208 ] sodium‐ion, [ 209–214 ] potassium‐ion, [ 215–219 ] lithium–CO 2 , [ 220–223 ] zinc‐ion, [ 224–230 ] zinc–air batteries, [ …”

Two‐Dimensional Cathode Materials for Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc‐Ion Batteries†

“…[ 85 ] Therefore, it has broad application prospects in the field of energy storage. [ 86‐88 ] Banerjee et al . reported hydroquinone based COF (HqTp) as a cathode material for aqueous ZIBs (Figure 3c).…”