Covalent Organic Framework Based Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Materials, Interfaces, and Solid‐State Electrolytes

Abstract

Lithium–sulfur batteries are recognized as one of the most promising next‐generation energy‐storage technologies owing to their high energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, the shuttle effect of polysulfide intermediates and the formation of lithium dendrites are the principal reasons that restrict the practical adoption of current Li–S batteries. Adjustable frameworks, structural variety, and functional adaptability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have the potential to overcome the issues associated with Li–S battery technology. Herein, a summary is presented of emerging COF materials in addressing the challenging problems in terms of sulfur hosts, modified separators, artificial solid electrolyte interphase layers, and solid‐state electrolytes. This comprehensive overview focuses on the design and chemistry of COFs used to upgrade Li–S batteries. Furthermore, existing difficulties, prospective remedies, and prospective research directions for COFs for Li–S batteries are discussed, laying the groundwork for future advancements in this class of fascinating materials.

Recent Progress for Concurrent Realization of Shuttle‐Inhibition and Dendrite‐Free Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…Accordingly, among the various candidates, lithiumsulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted extensive attention in the last few decades because of their numerous advantages, such as extremely high theoretical capacity (sulfur: 1675 mAh g −1 ), energy density (2600 Wh kg −1 ), low cost, abundance, and environmental friendliness. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Despite these advantages, realizing the practical application of Li-S batteries remains a great challenge. In particular, S cathodes suffer from some severe problems.…”

Advances in functional organic material-based interfacial engineering on metal anodes for rechargeable secondary batteries

“…17,26 Moreover, the application of polymers and 2D porous materials in gel/SSEs and other areas was also presented, and thus it is expected that more effort will be devoted to the development of FOMs in rechargeable batteries. 218 However, most of the previous studies on FOMs have focused on improving the metal interface, especially in Li metal batteries. 14,21,101,133 They also appeared in the anodic protection of Na, K, Zn, and Mg metal batteries, but the studies are still in their infancy.…”

“…Notably, COFs with tunable structure, thermal stability, and low density have become alternative candidates. 218 Yang et al designed an excellent self-supporting TPB-BD(OH) 2 -COF/PVDF separator, which could induce the uniform distribution of Li + and greatly inhibit dendrite growth. 219 COFs with hydroxyl functional groups will interact with the electrolyte components to form a hydrogen bond network, showing a good desolvation effect and limited side reactions in the resultant separator.…”

Application of Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks in Separators for Metal‐Ion Batteries

“…The Applications of COFs as separators in LSBs are as widespread as MOFs due to their merits of the diverse structure, high porosity and functional groups. [111] In 2016, Y et al reported a microporous COF net on a mesoporous CNT)net to chemically trap the polysulfides. [112] The two special COFs with different micropore sizes (COF-1 (0.7 nm) and COF-5 (2.7 nm)) have proved the effect of the pore size and the adsorption phenomena of polysulfides by density functional theory calculations (Figure 6e).…”