Covalent linkage between the capsular polysaccharide and the cell wall peptidoglycan of Streptococcus pneumoniae revealed by immunochemical methods

Sørensen, Uffe B. Skov; Henrichsen, Jørgen; Chen, Hao-Chia; Szu, Shousun C.

doi:10.1016/0882-4010(90)90091-4

Cited by 122 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The partial TD properties of intact Pn contrast with the full transition from TI to TD behavior of PS Ags covalently attached to an immunogenic carrier protein (i.e., conjugate vaccine) (2). This functional dichotomy, however, is puzzling because capsular PS expressed by Grampositive extracellular bacteria such as Pn, is covalently linked to the underlying cell wall to which a number of immunogenic proteins are also bound through covalent and noncovalent linkages (3,4). Thus, one might have predicted that immunologically, Grampositive bacteria would be a particulate version of a soluble conjugate vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, covalent linkage of protein and PS Ags to create a soluble conjugate vaccine appears to convert the PS into a classic TD Ag, including the ability to generate PS-specific memory (2). Capsular PSs expressed by Gram-positive extracellular bacteria are covalently linked to the underlying cell wall peptidoglycan to which a number of proteins are also bound through covalent attachments (3,4). This raises the question of whether PS Ags expressed by such bacteria also behave like classic TD Ags, similar to the conjugate vaccine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ost studies comparing the regulation of Ab responses to proteins and polysaccharides (PS) 3 use isolated, soluble Ags as immunogens (1). Thus, the current dogma that antiprotein and anti-PS responses are T cell dependent (TD) and T cell independent (TI), respectively, is potentially divorced from the physiological context of the intact microbe that coexpresses these Ags.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Parameters Underlying Distinct T Cell-Dependent Polysaccharide-Specific IgG Responses to an Intact Gram-Positive Bacterium versus a Soluble Conjugate Vaccine

Colino

Chattopadhyay

Sen

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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IgG anti-polysaccharide (PS) responses to both intact Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn) and PS conjugate vaccines are dependent on CD4+ T cells, B7-dependent costimulation, and CD40-CD40-ligand interactions. Nevertheless, the former response, in contrast to the latter, is mediated by an ICOS-independent, apoptosis-prone, extrafollicular pathway that fails to generate PS-specific memory. We show that pre-existing PS-specific Igs, the bacterial surface or particulation, selective recruitment of B cell subsets, or activation and recruitment of Pn protein-specific CD4+ T cells do not account for the failure of Pn to generate PS-specific IgG memory. Rather, the data suggest that the critical factor may be the lack of covalent attachment of PS to protein in intact Pn, highlighting the potential importance of the physicochemical relationship of PS capsule with the underlying bacterial structure for in vivo induction of PS-specific Igs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parameters Underlying Distinct T Cell-Dependent Polysaccharide-Specific IgG Responses to an Intact Gram-Positive Bacterium versus a Soluble Conjugate Vaccine

Colino

Chattopadhyay

Sen

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Thus, PS expressed by GP bacteria are covalently linked to a thick, underlying cell wall peptidoglycan, to which a number of proteins are also covalently attached (34,35). PS expressed by GN bacteria, which express a thin peptidoglycan cell wall, is covalently attached to the acyl glycerol moiety of the outer membrane, which contains highly immunogenic proteins, including porins, and LPS, a potentially potent stimulator of the innate immune system depending on its biochemical composition (36,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Boosted Polysaccharide-Specific IgG Responses Following Secondary Challenge with Intact Gram-Negative versus Gram-Positive Extracellular Bacteria

Kar

Arjunaraja

Akkoyunlu

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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Priming of mice with intact, heat-killed cells of Gram-negative Neisseria meningitidis, capsular serogroup C (MenC) or Gram-positive group B Streptococcus, capsular type III (GBS-III) bacteria resulted in augmented serum polysaccharide (PS)-specific IgG titers following booster immunization. Induction of memory required CD4+ T cells during primary immunization. We determined whether PS-specific memory for IgG production was contained within the B cell and/or T cell populations, and whether augmented IgG responses following booster immunization were also dependent on CD4+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of purified B cells from MenC- or GBS-III–primed, but not naive mice resulted in augmented PS-specific IgG responses following booster immunization. Similar responses were observed when cotransferred CD4+ T cells were from primed or naive mice. Similarly, primary immunization with unencapsulated MenC or GBS-III, to potentially prime CD4+ T cells, failed to enhance PS-specific IgG responses following booster immunization with their encapsulated isogenic partners. Furthermore, in contrast to GBS-III, depletion of CD4+ T cells during secondary immunization with MenC or another Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, did not inhibit augmented PS-specific IgG booster responses of mice primed with heat-killed cells. Also, in contrast with GBS-III, booster immunization of MenC-primed mice with isolated MenC-PS, a TI Ag, or a conjugate of MenC-PS and tetanus toxoid elicited an augmented PS-specific IgG response similar to booster immunization with intact MenC. These data demonstrate that memory for augmented PS-specific IgG booster responses to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is contained solely within the B cell compartment, with a differential requirement for CD4+ T cells for augmented IgG responses following booster immunization.

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“…The pneumococcal capsule is covalently attached to the cell wall peptidoglycan of S. pneumoniae [67] and consists of polysaccharides. The different structure and chemical composition of the polysaccharide capsule are the basis for serotyping of pneumococci [68].…”

Section: The Pneumococcal Capsulementioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on cell junctions in an ex vivo human lung infection model

et al. 2015

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Covalent linkage between the capsular polysaccharide and the cell wall peptidoglycan of Streptococcus pneumoniae revealed by immunochemical methods

Cited by 122 publications

References 26 publications

Parameters Underlying Distinct T Cell-Dependent Polysaccharide-Specific IgG Responses to an Intact Gram-Positive Bacterium versus a Soluble Conjugate Vaccine

Parameters Underlying Distinct T Cell-Dependent Polysaccharide-Specific IgG Responses to an Intact Gram-Positive Bacterium versus a Soluble Conjugate Vaccine

Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Boosted Polysaccharide-Specific IgG Responses Following Secondary Challenge with Intact Gram-Negative versus Gram-Positive Extracellular Bacteria

Studies on cell junctions in an ex vivo human lung infection model

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