Covalent Cross-Links in the Cell Wall

Consecutive Fragmentation Mechanisms of Protonated Ferulic Acid Probed by Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure Calculations

“…Since direct protonation on the methoxy group is quite unfavorable, it is likely that proton transfer takes place. The potential for intramolecular proton transfer from the C(OH) 2 + group of the side chain by forming a "scorpion-like" tail was considered and a corresponding structure was successfully optimized (ΔG rel°= 48.5 kJ mol −1 compared with Fer1b for m/z 195). It was found, however, that such a proton transfer could not be facilitated since the proximity between the oxygen of the methoxy group and a proton from the C (OH) 2 + group is found to be 3.95 Å.…”

“…F erulic acid is a derivative of phenylalanine found in plants, which serves to crosslink components of the cell wall giving rise to their rigidity and strength [1][2][3]. Defense against intrusions such as viruses, insects, and pathogens, in addition to protection against enzymatic hydrolysis, have all been associated with the presence of ferulic acid in the plant cell walls [3].…”

Efficient Cleavage of Lignin–Carbohydrate Complexes and Ultrafast Extraction of Lignin Oligomers from Wood Biomass by Microwave‐Assisted Treatment with Deep Eutectic Solvent

“…Although numerous methods for refining lignocellulose have been developed in recent years, it still remains a serious challenge to break the recalcitrance of biomass through an energetically efficient and environmentally friendly process 8, 9. Biomass recalcitrance generally arises from lignin–carbohydrate complexes (LCCs), in which lignin is mainly covalently bonded to hemicellulose 10, 11. The traditional methods to break the LCC structure involve physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological pretreatments such as steam explosion, ammonia fiber expansion, acid‐catalyzed prehydrolysis, and microorganism digestion 12, 13, 14, 15.…”

An anionic class III peroxidase from zucchini may regulate hypocotyl elongation through its auxin oxidase activity

“…For example, the Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains 73 diVerent genes encoding class III peroxidases . This high number of isoforms probably explains the description of a plethora of physiological functions (Passardi et al 2005) such as, the formation of lignin in the secondary cell walls (Gabaldon et al 2006;Sasaki et al 2006), isodityrosine cross-linking between extensin molecules during normal growth (Iiyama et al 1994), and auxin catabolism in vitro and in vivo (Lagrimini 1996). The diversity of processes catalyzed by peroxidases as well as the great number of their isoforms suggests the possibility for a functional specialization of each isoform.…”