Covalent connections between metal–organic frameworks and polymers including covalent organic frameworks

Abstract

The development and strategies for covalently connected MOFs-polymers (including COFs) composites have summarized and reviewed along with their applications.

Polyarylimide-Based COF/MOF Nanoparticle Hybrids for CO2 Conversion, Hydrogen Generation, and Organic Pollutant Degradation

“…Therefore, constructing stable heterostructures COF4 with ZIF-67 will offer suitable active site architectures and good crystallinity which improved accessibility to active sites, facilitated charge transfer, and increased catalytic efficiency . The intended introduction of ZIF-67 with special metal ions into COF4 not only upgraded the efficiency of COF4 but also created a new family of COFs/MOFs . The intermarriage and synthesis process of COF4/ZIF-67 hybrid catalysts is represented by a scheme that is depicted in Figure …”

“…42 The intended introduction of ZIF-67 with special metal ions into COF4 not only upgraded the efficiency of COF4 but also created a new family of COFs/MOFs. 43 The intermarriage and synthesis process of COF4/ZIF-67 hybrid catalysts is represented by a scheme that is depicted in Figure 3. 44 In brief, different mass ratio percentages of ZIF-67 MOF are introduced into COF4 and labeled as γZIF-67/COF4 (where γ means different mass ratio percents of ZIF-67 to COF-4).…”

Sulfonated Cobalt Metal–Organic Framework Embedded Mixed Matrix Membrane towards Fuel-Cell Applications

“…Moreover, the ionic conductivity of PEM will be increased by adding fillers to the polymer matrix. 25−27 Recently, a polymer composite membrane with good proton conductivity has been developed by adding fillers like metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), 28 covalent organic frameworks, 29 metal oxides, 30 ionic liquids, 31 carbon nanotubes, 32 and heteropolyacids. 33 Among them, the MOF has gained more consideration due to its tunable porous nature, thermal resistance, uniformly structured nano-and microscale cavities, and high specific surface area, which improve the proton conductivity of PEM.…”

“…The [HMIM]­Cl-doped 3 wt % SABPBI composite membrane displayed the highest proton conductivity of 0.04 S cm –1 at 220 °C. Moreover, the ionic conductivity of PEM will be increased by adding fillers to the polymer matrix. − Recently, a polymer composite membrane with good proton conductivity has been developed by adding fillers like metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks, metal oxides, ionic liquids, carbon nanotubes, and heteropolyacids …”

Topologically Tunable Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks for Modulating Conductivity and Chemiresistive Properties for NH3 Sensing

“…[23][24][25] While conjugated cMOFs offer numerous advantages, challenges remain in modulating their functionality, conductivity, and stability. To address these challenges, researchers have explored various strategies including: i) designing new extended π-conjugated organic linkers to enhance electron delocalization and orbital overlap with metal nodes; [26][27][28] ii) introducing hetero-atom doping in πconjugated ligands (e.g., nitrogen, sulfur, boron) to manipulate their electronic structure; [29,30] iii) post-synthetic modifications utilizing external electronic effects; [31,32] and iv) designing ligand symmetry (e.g. D 2 , C 3 , C 4 , and C 6 ) to form 2D hexagonal and quadrilateral structures.…”