“…Figure 1 shows the O 1s, N 1s, C 1s, and S 2s spectra of cysteine films as a function of exposure time, with their corresponding peak positions and assignments of the fitted features given in Tables S1 and S2 (Supporting Information). It should be noted that because the S 2p spectrum partially overlaps with one of the plasmon peaks of Si located at ∼168.0 eV (Supporting Information, Figure S2), 25 we have chosen S 2s for the present work. At very low exposures of 5−15 s, the N 1s spectra (Figure 1b) show only one peak at 398.7 ± 0.1 eV, attributed to a N−Si bond, which indicates that cysteine undergoes N−H dissociative adsorption on Si(111)7×7.…”