Covalent Bonding of PANI and p‐Phenylenediamine‐Functionalized GO Using N,N′‐Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as Dehydrating Agent for Electrochromic Applications

Abstract

In this paper, a high‐performance organic/inorganic electrochromic material was synthesized by covalent bonding of polyaniline (PANI) and graphene oxide (GO). In the presence of N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as dehydrating agent, GO was functionalized by p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) through an amidation reaction. Water‐processable PANI‐GO nanocomposites were prepared by copolymerization of aniline with PPD functionalized GO in the presence of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) dopant in an aqueous medium. The structures and morphologies of PANI‐GO nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, Raman spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that covalent bonding PANI‐GO nanocomposites possess better electrochemical and electrochromic properties over that of neat PANI. With 3 wt.% GO‐PPD loading, PANI‐GO‐3% exhibits the optimal electrochemical and electrochromic properties, among which the charge‐transfer resistance (RCT) is 29.4 Ω, the optical contrast is 0.72 and coloring/bleaching time is 4.45/4.28 s. Overdose GO‐PPD leads to negative influence on the contrast and switching speed, owing to the ion blocking effect brought by its two‐dimensional nanostructure.

Enhancing the Washing Durability and Electrical Longevity of Conductive Polyaniline-Grafted Polyester Fabrics

“…These polar groups improved the polarity and hydrogen bonding with water molecules, resulting in greater wettability on the hydrolyzed fabric . Due to the covalent connection between PANI and the fabric, the grafting modification of polymer substrates is a reliable technique for fabricating stable, functional materials …”

“…25 Due to the covalent connection between PANI and the fabric, the grafting modification of polymer substrates is a reliable technique for fabricating stable, functional materials. 26 This paper explores the grafting of PANI onto hydrolyzed PES fabrics, producing an enhanced stability and durability of the conductive fabrics when exposed to washing. A bare PES fabric was first subjected to a thermochemical treatment, modifying its surface hydrophilicity, followed by grafting of PANI onto the fabric via immersion.…”

“…25 Due to the covalent connection between PANI and the fabric, the grafting modification of polymer substrates is a reliable technique for fabricating stable, functional materials. 26 …”

Electrochemical Preparation of Covalently Bonded PEDOT ‐ Graphene Oxide Composite Electrochromic Materials Using Thiophene‐2‐methylanine as Bridging Group

“…Besides of surface functionalization, directly connected covalent bond is another approach for improving the interaction between organic phase and inorganic phase. We have demonstrated the significant enhancement function of interfacial covalent bond between polyaniline and carbon nanostructures (fullerene, carbon nanotube and graphene) constructed through chemical copolymerization for electrochromic application . The electron conduct and ion transport process of CP can be simultaneously boosted owing to direct electron conduct through covalent bond and loosed aggregation created by incorporation of carbon nanostructures.…”