Covalent Bonding of an Electroconductive Hydrogel to Gold‐Coated Titanium Surfaces via Thiol‐ene Click Chemistry

Abstract

In the present study, the covalent bonding of electroconductive cross‐linked hydrogel networks with both electro‐properties and hydrogel characteristics to titanium surfaces via a UV‐initiated radical thiol‐ene click reaction is investigated. The electroconductive hydrogel layers are formed by the electropolymerization of pyrrole within the titanium implant‐supported gelatin methacrylate hydrogel. Characterization of the surface morphology of the layers reveals a unique rough macroporous structure. The hydrogel coating layer on the titanium surfaces possesses the desired characteristics of high electrochemical activity and high mechanical stability due to the effects of the chemical functionalization. Bone mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the hydrogel substrates exhibit high cell viability. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential of an electroconductive hydrogel as a surface coating on titanium implants for cell growth and provides a foundation for the development of new implantable bioelectronic devices.

Click chemistry-based biopolymeric hydrogels for regenerative medicine

“…Collagen, as a well-established hydrogel raw material, exhibits biocompatibility, biodegradability, and does not produce any harmful residues, increasing its attractiveness for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications [103]. Wound healing [42,43]; Cornea regeneration [71] Gelatin / Cu-AAC reaction [72,73]; DA reaction [74][75][76]; SPAAC reaction [27]; radical mediated thiol-ene reaction [77][78][79][80]; Schiff base reaction [38]; thiol-Michael reaction [12] Wound healing [36]; Bone regeneration [38]; Spinal cord regeneration [8]; Cornea regeneration [12,71] Silk protein Cu-AAC reaction [72]; Schiff base reaction [37,[39][40][41]85]; Radical mediated thiol-ene reaction [86]; DA reaction [76,87]; Oximeforming reaction [31]; thiol-Michael reaction [85,88] Wound healing [37]; Spinal cord regeneration [39][40][41]; Cartilage regeneration [88]; Cornea regeneration [11] Alginate Schiff base reaction [5,25,89,90]…”

“…However, the low stiffness of physical cross-linked gelatin hydrogels limits their application in regenerative medicine. Consequently, click chemical cross-linking methods including Cu-AAC reaction [72,73], DA reaction [74][75][76], and radical mediated thiol-ene reaction [77][78][79][80], have been employed to enhance the stiffness of gelatin hydrogels. For example, Hu et al introduced alkynyl groups into gelatin, using propiolic acid to modify it [72].…”

Ionic Tactile Sensors for Emerging Human‐Interactive Technologies: A Review of Recent Progress

“…Although tough and robust hydrogels have been developed, the weak interfacial bindings between hydrogels and elastomers severely limit their integration and multifunctionality . Various research groups reported a strategy to create stable adhesion of the hydrogel‐elastomer layers via covalent chemical anchorage . Lee et al established robust adhesion by chemical bonding between the contact material PDMS and hydrogel electrode with benzophenone treatments to develop skin attachable ionic communicators based on TENGs…”