Covalent attachment of polystyrene on multi-walled carbon nanotubes via nitroxide mediated polymerization

Chang, Jun Ho; Lee, Yong Won; Kim, Bog G.; Kim, Hyung-Kook; Choi, Insung S.; Paik, Hyun‐jong

doi:10.1163/156855407781291308

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Carboxylic acid-functionalized single (SWNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), for example, can be obtained by oxidation of the pristine nanotubes with HNO 3 or H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 and subsequently converted into the corresponding acid chloride via reaction with thionyl chloride . Acid chloride-functionalized carbon nanotubes have been modified in a single step by esterification of appropriate hydroxyl-functionalized NMP , or ATRP – initiators. Alternatively, acid chloride-functionalized nanotubes can be reacted with ethanolamine or ethyleneglycol, generating hydroxyl-substituted nanotubes, which can be further modified with the ATRP initiator 2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl ,,– or a carboxylic acid RAFT agent .…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

et al. 2009

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Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Polymerization catalysts in the final polymer brushes might have undesirable consequences for applications, such as in the biomedical or electronic industry. However, some methods, in particular A(R)GET ATRP, have been developed that allow to reduce the amount of copper to the level of a few ppm. 72 Surface-Initiated Reversible-Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (SI-RAFT) PolymerizationIn contrast to ATRP, where the equilibrium between the dormant and active, propagating chains is based on reversible termination, reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is based on reversible chain transfer. [114][115][116] A distinct advantage of RAFT polymerization is its relative simplicity and versatility, since conventional free radical polymerizations can be readily converted into a RAFT process by adding an appropriate RAFT agent, such as a dithioester, dithiocarbamate, or trithiocarbonate compound, while other reaction parameters, such as monomer, initiator, solvent, and temperature, can be kept constant. RAFT polymerization has also been successfully used to prepare polymer brushes via surface-initiated polymerization. SI-RAFT can be performed using two different strategies, which use either surface-immobilized conventional free radical initiators or surface-immobilized RAFT agents (Scheme 2). These two different strategies will be discussed in more detail in the following paragraphs.

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Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

et al. 2009

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Synthesizing multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐polymethyl methacrylate conductive composites and poly(lactic acid) based composites

Qiu

Zhang

et al. 2014

Polymer Composites

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Multi‐walled carbon nanotube was modified with polymethyl methacrylate (MWCNT‐PMMA) by in situ solution radical polymerization in the presence of 2,2′‐Azobis (isobutyronitrile) as an initiator. The products with different addition of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were pressed into slices to prepare specimens for electrical conductivity testing. It was found that the MWCNT‐PMMA nanocomposites demonstrate excellent electrical conductivity. To investigate the microsphere morphology and the colloidal surfactant of MWCNTs in MWCNT‐PMMA composites, samples were submitted to scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis of the prepared composites confirmed that MWCNTs as a thermal stabilizer for PMMA, which could have a wide range of potential applications, such as in catalysts, sensors, environmental remediation, and energy storage. Two series of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based biocomposites with different MMA additions and MWCNT‐PMMA composites contents were prepared with twin‐screw extruding and injection molding. The results show the mechanical properties changed a little with the MMA and MWCNT‐PMMA composites contents increasing, which suggested the well compatibility between MWCNT‐PMMA composites and PLA. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:503–511, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Modification of multiwall carbon nanotubes by grafting from controlled polymerization of styrene: Effect of the characteristics of the nanotubes

Albuerne¹,

Boschetti‐de‐Fierro²,

Abetz³

2010

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Linear polystyrene chains were grown from the convex surface of two commercially available multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with similar diameter but different lengths. The MWCNTs were supplied from Bayer Material Science® (purity >95%, external diameter = 13–16 nm, length = 1–10 μm, denoted MWCNTBMS95) and FutureCarbon GmbH (purity >99%, external diameter = 15 nm, length = 5–50 μm, denoted MWCNTFC99). The MWCNTs were oxidized with nitric acid, consecutively reacted with thionyl chloride, glycol or poly(ethylene glycol), 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionyl bromide and finally with styrene under atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions. The content of polystyrene grafted from the surface of the MWCNTs can be controlled by adjusting the molecular weight of the poly(ethylene glycol), the initiator concentration and the monomer to carbon nanotube weight ratio. Under comparable experimental conditions, a higher amount of polystyrene is grafted from the MWCNTBMS95 than from MWCNTFC99. The difference in dimensions and the state of aggregation of the carbon nanotubes influence the grafting from polymerization reactions, where relative shorter and tightly aggregated carbon nanotubes promote higher polymerizations yields than longer and less aggregated carbon nanotubes. The increase of the viscosity of the carbon nanotube dispersion decreases the polymer grafting content. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1035–1046, 2010

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Covalent attachment of polystyrene on multi-walled carbon nanotubes via nitroxide mediated polymerization

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Synthesizing multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐polymethyl methacrylate conductive composites and poly(lactic acid) based composites

Modification of multiwall carbon nanotubes by grafting from controlled polymerization of styrene: Effect of the characteristics of the nanotubes

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