Covalent Attachment and Hybridization of DNA Oligonucleotides on Patterned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films

Abstract

DNA oligonucleotides were covalently immobilized to prepatterned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) multilayer films by amidation. SWNT multilayer films were constructed via consecutive condensation reactions creating stacks of functionalized SWNT layers linked together by 4,4'-oxydianiline. Aminated- or carboxylated-DNA oligonucleotides were covalently immobilized to the respective carboxylated or aminated SWNT multilayer films through amide bond formation using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride. UV-vis-NIR spectroscopic analysis indicated that the SWNT film surface density increased uniformly according to the number of reaction cycles. Scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements of the SWNT multilayer film revealed a uniform coverage over the substrate surface. The covalent attachment of DNA oligonucleotides to the SWNT multilayer films and their subsequent hybridization with complementary oligonucleotides were verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence-based measurements. This is the first report demonstrating that DNA oligonucleotides can be covalently attached to immobilized SWNT multilayer films. The anchored DNA oligonucleotides were shown to exhibit excellent specificity, realizing their potential in future biosensor applications.

Direct attachment of well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube architectures to silicon (100) surfaces: a simple approach for device assembly

“…37,38 It is for these reasons that recent attention has been focused on the covalent attachment of carbon nanotubes to surfaces. For example, Jung et al 6,22,40 has reported a novel method for producing high density carbon nanotube arrays through the formation of an amine terminated surface by treatment of a glass surface with an aminosiloxane followed by subsequent attachment of shortened carbon nanotubes via a condensation reaction between amine and carboxylic acid groups. These SWCNT layers have excellent surface adhesion because of their strong chemical bonding to the substrate.…”

Dispersions Based on Carbon Nanotubes – Biomolecules Conjugates

“…Krishna et al reported the synthesis of functionally engineered single -walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) -peptide nucleic acid (PNA) conjugates especially for nanoelectronic applications [77]. Jung et al demonstrated that the DNA strands can be covalently attached to immobilized SWNT multilayer films [78]. They showed that the SWCNTs multilayer films were constructed via consecutive condensation reactions creating stacks of functionalized SWCNTs layers linked together by dianiline derivatives.…”

“…The developer, a multistep route to the formation of covalently linked adducts of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence was reported by Baker et al [46]. In their report, the DNA molecules covalently linked to SWNTs are accessible to hybridization and strongly favored hybridization with molecules having complementary sequences compared with non-complementary sequences [78]. Recently, Zhang et al [79] synthesized a type of compound, MWCNTs-CONH-(CH 2 ) 2 -SH, via carboxylation, and investigated a thickness-tunable multilayer film DNA biosensor built layer-by-layer (LBL) covalent attachment of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on an Au electrode [46].…”

Surface mounted porphyrin-nanotube arrays: Towards energy-harvesting surfaces

“…Various potential applications, including those in chemical and biochemical sensors [6][7][8], nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices [9][10][11][12][13][14], have been widely explored. However, most of these potential applications require the chemical modification of carbon nanotubes with specific functionalities [15].…”

“…However, most of these potential applications require the chemical modification of carbon nanotubes with specific functionalities [15]. So far, a wide range of electrochemical active species, biological molecules and nanoparticles, including DNA [8,16,17], proteins [18][19][20][21], ferrocene [20,22,23], porphyrins [24,25] and CdS nanoparticles [26] have been exploited. In recent times, porphyrins have also been utilised in conjunction with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in the construction of solar-harvesting arrays.…”