Couverture des besoins en acides aminés chez le porcelet alimenté avec des régimes à basse teneur en protéines

Gloaguen, M.; Floc'H, Nathalie Le; Milgen, J. van

doi:10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.3.3157

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The three groups of pigs received experimental diets that were based mainly on corn, wheat, barley and soybean meal as source of protein ( S1 Table ) and that differed in Leu supplementation. The analyzed Leu content of the control diet (10.9 g/kg, see S2 Table ) matched the recently published Leu recommendation for piglets [ 14 ]. The high Leu diets were supplemented with additional amounts of L-Leu, mainly at the expense of glutamic acid, to achieve 200% (L2 group, analyzed diet content 19.7 g/kg) or 400% (L4 group, analyzed diet content 37.5 g/kg) of the Leu in the control diet.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

High Leucine Diets Stimulate Cerebral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Degradation and Modify Serotonin and Ketone Body Concentrations in a Pig Model

et al. 2016

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In addition to its role as an essential protein component, leucine (Leu) displays several other metabolic functions such as activation of protein synthesis. This property makes it an interesting amino acid for the therapy of human muscle atrophy and for livestock production. However, Leu can stimulate its own degradation via the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH). To examine the response of several tissues to excessive Leu, pigs were fed diets containing two- (L2) and four-fold (L4) higher Leu contents than the recommended amount (control). We found that the L4 diet led to a pronounced increase in BCKDH activity in the brain (2.5-fold, P < 0.05), liver (1.8-fold, P < 0.05) and cardiac muscle (1.7-fold, P < 0.05), whereas we found no changes in enzyme activity in the pancreas, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and intestinal mucosa. The L2 diet had only weak effects on BCKDH activity. Both high Leu diets reduced the concentrations of free valine and isoleucine in nearly all tissues. In the brain, high Leu diets modified the amount of tryptophan available: for serotonin synthesis. Compared to the controls, pigs treated with the high Leu diets consumed less food, showed increased plasma concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate and reduced levels of circulating serotonin. In conclusion, excessive Leu can stimulate BCKDH activity in several tissues, including the brain. Changes in cerebral tryptophan, along with the changes in amino acid-derived metabolites in the plasma may limit the use of high Leu diets to treat muscle atrophy or to increase muscle growth.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

High Leucine Diets Stimulate Cerebral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Degradation and Modify Serotonin and Ketone Body Concentrations in a Pig Model

et al. 2016

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“…This processing treatment, normally applied in ruminant nutrition to produce rumen by-pass protein, was used to induce protein damage through the Maillard reaction. The SBM and RSM diets were supplemented with crystalline L-Ile, L-Leu, L-Lys, DL-Met, L-Thr, L-Trp and L-Val to meet 90% of the requirements for standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (SID lysine to net energy (NE) ratio of 0.98 g/MJ) for growing pigs (Centraal Veevoeder Bureau (CVB), 2011) and the other indispensable AA as percentage of lysine according to Institut National de la recherche agronomique recommendations (Gloaguen et al, 2013). The remaining two experimental diets contained pSBM and pRSM and were supplemented with crystalline AA to meet the SID AA concentration in the SBM and RSM diets, respectively, based on the SID AA concentration in the pSBM and pRSM protein sources (Hulshof et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ratio between SID individual AAs and SID lysine is provided in parentheses. The requirements for SID AAs to SID lysine were as follows: 31 for histidine, 52 for isoleucine, 101 for leucine, 30 for methionine, 60 for methionine + cysteine, 54 for phenylalanine, 94 for phenylalanine + tyrosine, 65 for threonine, 22 for tryptophan and 70 for valine (Gloaguen et al, 2013). N, leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid and serine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Amino acid utilization and body composition of growing pigs fed processed soybean meal or rapeseed meal with or without amino acid supplementation

Hulshof

Poel

Hendriks

et al. 2017

Animal

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Feed ingredients used in swine diets are often processed to improve nutritional value. However, (over-)processing may result in chemical reactions with amino acids (AAs) that decrease their ileal digestibility. This study aimed to determine effects of (over-)processing of soybean meal (SBM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) on post-absorptive utilization of ileal digestible AAs for retention and on body AA composition of growing pigs. Soybean meal and RSM were processed by secondary toasting in the presence of lignosulfonate to obtain processed soybean meal (pSBM) and processed rapeseed meal (pRSM). Four diets contained SBM, pSBM, RSM or pRSM as sole protein source. Two additional diets contained pSBM or pRSM and were supplemented with crystalline AA to similar standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA level as the SBM or RSM diet. These diets were used to verify that processing affected AA retention by affecting ileal AA digestibility rather than post-absorptive AA utilization. The SID AA levels of the protein sources were determined in a previous study. In total, 59 pigs were used (initial BW of 15.6±0.7 kg) of which five were used to determine initial body composition at the start of the experiment. In total, 54 pigs were fed one of six experimental diets and were slaughtered at a BW of 40 kg. The organ fraction (i.e. empty organs plus blood) and carcass were analyzed separately for N and AA content. Post-absorptive AA utilization was calculated from AA retention and SID AA intake. An interaction between diet type, comprising effects of processing and supplementing crystalline AA, and protein source was observed for CP content in the organ fraction, carcass and empty body and for nutrient retention. Processing reduced CP content and nutrient retention more for SBM than for RSM. Moreover, processing reduced (P<0.001) the lysine content in the organ fraction for both protein sources. Supplementing crystalline AA ameliorated the effect of processing on these variables. Thus, the data indicated that processing affected retention by reducing digestibility. Correcting AA retention for SID AA intake was, therefore, expected to result in similar post-absorptive AA utilization which was observed for the RSM diets. However, post-absorptive AA utilization was lower for the pSBM diet than for the SBM diet which might be related to an imbalanced post-absorptive AA supply. In conclusion, processing negatively affected nutrient retention for both protein sources and post-absorptive utilization of SID AA for retention for SBM. Effects of processing were compensated by supplementing crystalline AA.

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“…Diets were based on wheat, barley, maize, soya bean meal, peas, whey powder and cane molasses (Table 1). During the pre-experimental period, all piglets received a high CP diet (diet 5), containing 19.5% CP and formulated to meet all AA requirements according to the ideal AA profile of Gloaguen et al (2013). From day 34 until the end of the experimental period, piglets were offered one of the five experimental pelleted diets.…”

Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculated level of SID Lys was 1.13% in each of the experimental diets and was supposed slightly limiting for maximum performance of piglets (Boisen, 2003;Barea et al, 2009). The levels of other indispensable AA in all diets were adequate or in excess relative to the concentration of SID Lys according to the proposed ideal AA profile of Gloaguen et al (2013) (Table 4). Diets 1 to 3 were formulated to be limiting in Val (SID Val : Lys = 60%) and diets 4 to 6 contained a higher level of Val (SID Val : Lys = 70%).…”

Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction and imbalance between indispensable amino acids in young piglets

Jansman

Cirot

Corrent

et al. 2019

Animal

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Lowering protein level in diets for piglets urge to have knowledge on the piglet's requirements for essential amino acids (AA) and their interactions. The present studies aimed to determine the interaction between the dietary level of valine (Val) and tryptophan (Trp) and the effect of AA imbalance at two levels of dietary Val on the growth performance of post-weaning piglets. In Experiment 1 (duration 4 weeks), the effects of supplementation of free L-Val (1.0 g/kg) and/or L-Trp (0.5 g/kg) in a low-CP diet (CP 17.7%), marginal in Trp and Val, was studied in a 2 × 2 factorial design and using an additional reference treatment (CP 19.5%). In Experiment 2 (duration 5 weeks), the influence of a stepwise increase in excess supply of isoleucine (Ile), histidine (His) and leucine (Leu), up to 10, 10% and 30% relative to their requirement values respectively, was evaluated at 60% or 70% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val relative to SID lysine, using a 3 × 2 factorial design. In Experiment 1, over the whole experimental period, feed intake (FI) was affected by dietary Trp level (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by both the level of Trp and Val in the diet (both P < 0.05). Increasing Trp level increased FI and decreased FCR while increasing dietary Val level reduced FI and increased FCR. For BW gain (BWG), there was an interaction between dietary level of Trp and Val (P < 0.05). Valine supplementation decreased BWG using a diet marginal in Trp, whereas it increased BWG when using a Trp sufficient diet. Piglets fed the low-CP diet with adequate levels of Val and Trp showed at least same performance compared to piglets fed the high CP reference diet. In Experiment 2, increasing dietary Val improved FI and BWG (P < 0.001) and tended to improve FCR. Dietary AA excess for Ile, His and Leu reduced FI and BWG (P < 0.05) and only affected FCR (P < 0.01) in the 1 st week of the study. Dietary level of Val and AA excess did not show interactive effects, except for FCR over the final 2 weeks of the study (P < 0.05). In conclusion, an interaction exists between dietary supply of Val and Trp on the zootechnical performance of post-weaning piglets and dietary AA excess for Ile, Leu and His, reduces growth performance of piglets in low-protein diets, independent of the dietary level of Val. ImplicationsThe increasing availability of feed-grade amino acid (AA) allows a reduction of CP content in animal diets. Besides the beneficial effects of dietary protein reduction on animal health and environment, the use of feed-grade AA provides a more balanced supply of AA relative to their requirements. This study shows that responses of the zootechnical performance of piglets towards dietary supplementation of free Ltryptophan (L-Trp) and L-valine (L-Val) are dependent of the dietary concentrations of these AA and that dietary amino excess for leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and histidine (His) reduces performance of piglets on low-protein diets. This demonstrates the importance of supplying adequate dietary levels of AA in line w...

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Couverture des besoins en acides aminés chez le porcelet alimenté avec des régimes à basse teneur en protéines

Cited by 18 publications

References 60 publications

High Leucine Diets Stimulate Cerebral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Degradation and Modify Serotonin and Ketone Body Concentrations in a Pig Model

High Leucine Diets Stimulate Cerebral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Degradation and Modify Serotonin and Ketone Body Concentrations in a Pig Model

Amino acid utilization and body composition of growing pigs fed processed soybean meal or rapeseed meal with or without amino acid supplementation

Interaction and imbalance between indispensable amino acids in young piglets

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