Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two Decades

Leckman, James F.; Zhang, Heping; Vitale, Amy; Lahnin, Fatima; Lynch, Kimberly A.; Bondi, Colin; Kim, Young-Shin; Peterson, Bradley S.

doi:10.4324/9780203822937-8

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Peak severity is between 10 and 12 years of age, followed by improvement during late adolescence. 18 After the age of 16, regardless of treatment, approximately one-fifth of individuals with TS have no tics, 60% have minimal or mild tics, and less than one-fourth still have moderate or severe tics. 19 The severity of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in TS also declines with age.…”

Section: Ticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Unvoluntary” Movement Disorders: Distinguishing between Tics, Akathisia, Restless Legs, and Stereotypies

2023

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Tics, stereotypies, akathisia, and restless legs fall at different places on the spectrum of discrete, unwanted and potentially disabling motor routines. Unlike tremor, chorea, myoclonus, or dystonia, this subgroup of abnormal movements is characterized by the subject's variable ability to inhibit or release undesired motor patterns on demand. Though it may be sometimes clinically challenging, it is crucial to distinguish these “unvoluntary” motor behaviors because secondary causes and management approaches differ substantially. To this end, physicians must consider the degree of repetitiveness of the movements, the existence of volitional control, and the association with sensory symptoms, or cognitive-ideational antecedent. This review aims to summarize the current existing knowledge on phenomenology, diagnosis, and treatment of tics, stereotypies, akathisia, and restless leg syndrome.

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Section: Ticsmentioning

confidence: 99%