“…VR presents theoretical knowledge in the form of 3D practical scenarios ( Plotzky et al, 2021 ). Sailing simulators based on mathematic models have accounted for a variety of variables ( Mulder and Verlinden, 2013 ; Angelou and Spyrou, 2021 ) which enable novices to gain valuable hands-on experience in VR at the early stage of learning. Research has shown that virtual environment with the higher immersive quality induces the greater psychological presence and similar responses to the real situations ( Bowman and Mcmahan, 2007 ; Miles et al, 2012 ).…”
Section: Features Of Vr Technology To Facilitate Sail Educationmentioning
Sailing has gained an increasing attention among children and adolescents in China, which raised a strong need for sail courses through physical education (PE). However, challenges in teaching practice arise with rapid development of the sport. In the current study, we proposed a perspective that virtual reality (VR) technology makes high-quality sail education accessible for students. Critical analysis summarized the prominent features that enhance sail education, including immersive experience, interactive learning, the first-person view, and practice under well-controlled conditions. Further, research on VR sport training indicated successful transfer from virtual environment to real situation. Specifically, significant improvement in skill performance and tactical behaviors were identified, which was attributed to the enhanced perception-action coupling after VR training. Additionally, VR-based coding programs provide students with affordances of designing the virtual environment. The content design education promotes comprehension and application of knowledge and theories when students develop the simulated environment with a high level of presence. Therefore, VR technology is a promising instrument to meet the increasing demand on sail education. While VR enriches educational resources for a large class size, the interdisciplinary feature of VR-based sail course can attract students with different study interests and backgrounds to the class.
“…VR presents theoretical knowledge in the form of 3D practical scenarios ( Plotzky et al, 2021 ). Sailing simulators based on mathematic models have accounted for a variety of variables ( Mulder and Verlinden, 2013 ; Angelou and Spyrou, 2021 ) which enable novices to gain valuable hands-on experience in VR at the early stage of learning. Research has shown that virtual environment with the higher immersive quality induces the greater psychological presence and similar responses to the real situations ( Bowman and Mcmahan, 2007 ; Miles et al, 2012 ).…”
Section: Features Of Vr Technology To Facilitate Sail Educationmentioning
Sailing has gained an increasing attention among children and adolescents in China, which raised a strong need for sail courses through physical education (PE). However, challenges in teaching practice arise with rapid development of the sport. In the current study, we proposed a perspective that virtual reality (VR) technology makes high-quality sail education accessible for students. Critical analysis summarized the prominent features that enhance sail education, including immersive experience, interactive learning, the first-person view, and practice under well-controlled conditions. Further, research on VR sport training indicated successful transfer from virtual environment to real situation. Specifically, significant improvement in skill performance and tactical behaviors were identified, which was attributed to the enhanced perception-action coupling after VR training. Additionally, VR-based coding programs provide students with affordances of designing the virtual environment. The content design education promotes comprehension and application of knowledge and theories when students develop the simulated environment with a high level of presence. Therefore, VR technology is a promising instrument to meet the increasing demand on sail education. While VR enriches educational resources for a large class size, the interdisciplinary feature of VR-based sail course can attract students with different study interests and backgrounds to the class.
“…Studies on anti-rolling devices such as fins and gyroscopes applied to pleasure yachts can be found in the literature [7,8]. Dynamic stability in the waves of a large sailing yacht is studied in [9,10]. With regard to the intact stability of a large motor yacht, relevant work has been done in [11,12], where a method to identify the main stability parameters at early design stages is proposed.…”
The IMO’s second-generation intact stability criteria (SGISc) have been applied to a set of seven megayacht units ranging from 40 m to 80 m. The application aims to evaluate their stability performance in a seaway. The assessment is based on two vulnerability levels, and the related criteria rely on the physics of the phenomena under investigation (dead ship condition, excessive acceleration, parametric rolling, pure loss of stability, and surf-riding). At the same time, SGISc provide methodological approaches to consider possible operational limitations related to the geographical area the vessel is meant to sail. Results of the comprehensive analysis carried out for the selected megayacht units are presented in term of limiting KG curves. Outcomes pointed out that inconsistencies among vulnerability levels still exist. Further comments about the relation of the investigated vessel typology and relevant operational profile have been reported. In addition, systematic analysis of the effect of the main design parameter on ship rules compliance has been carried out.
“…The course of Laser class sailing includes upwind, downwind and reaching (broad reach) legs. During upwind leg, it is not possible to sail directly in to the wind as the sail would stall, in order to move towards the direction of the incoming wind, the boat performs zigzag-type maneuvers, called tacking, each leg of which comprises a turn of the bow against the wind [ 5 , 6 ]. Sailing upwind will be produce a powerful sideways force on the sails causes the boat to heel, which increases its resistance and decreases speed.…”
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