Course and Outcome of Schizophrenia

Freyhan, Fritz A.

doi:10.1176/ajp.112.3.161

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Neither do the findings in this study of patients in and out of hospital over a period of up to thirty-five years reflect the somewhat optimistic note found either in shorter term community follow up studies (3,4,6,15), or in those studies which are based only on the hospital experience of the patient (7,10,11,13,14,18). This seems to be true whether such hospitalization studies predate or ante-date the introduction of specific therapies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Twenty-Five and Thirty-Five Year Follow up of First Admissions to Mental Hospital

1968

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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This has been a report of a study designed to assess the feasibility of long-term follow-up studies on Prince Edward Island. Cohorts of patients first admitted to the Island's only mental hospital during the early nineteen-thirties and early nineteen-forties were followed in retrospect in order to determine, a) the course and outcome of the major disorders over periods ranging up to thirty-five years and, b) the long-term effects of these disorders upon the families of the patients. Needed information was gathered through a review of hospital records, a search for death records and community interviews. The results of the study suggest that lifetime prognosis in the absence of modern treatment methods may be even worse than believed by most professionals working in the field. As might be expected the outlook was found to be particularly grave for schizophrenia. Success in following up a very high proportion of the cases over several decades supports the belief that Prince Edward Island offers unusual opportunities for studies of this kind.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Twenty-Five and Thirty-Five Year Follow up of First Admissions to Mental Hospital

1968

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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“…There are very few studies reported which deal with material similar to ours (1,5,7,10,11,12). Brown, Carstairs and Topping (2,3,4) reported in 1958 on the outcome of 229 male chronic patients under 65 years old discharged from London hospitals between 1949 and 1956.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

One-Year Follow-UP of 67 Chronic Psychiatric Patients

Herjanic

Grünberg

1966

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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“…Various aspects of the heterogeneous neurobiology of various psychiatric diseases should be addressed while searching for molecules with specific sites of action. Perhaps in the future patients will be treated with an array of drugs (rational polypharmacy) that reflect their specific psychopathology -a 'target symptom' approach that was initially conceptualized by Freyhan (1955).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of psychotropic drugs on brain plasticity in humans

Paulzen

Veselinović

Gründer

2014

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience

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Although neurotransmitter-based hypotheses still prevail current thinking about the mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs, recent insight into the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders has unveiled a range of new therapeutic actions of the drugs used to treat those disorders. Especially antidepressants seem to exert at least some of their effects via restoration of synaptic/neuronal plasticity. In addition, there is increasing evidence that several of the second-generation antipsychotics and some anticonvulsants affect neuronal survival/apoptosis as well as synaptic plasticity. Most of this evidence stems from work in animals. In this review, we will focus on the evidence for neuroplastic effects of psychotropic drugs in humans being aware of the fact that most of the data are derived from animals and that volumetric studies in humans can only indicate structural plasticity and not necessarily functional plasticity. However, as the data from human studies are rather poor and inconclusive, and sometimes even conflicting, it seems impossible to draw general conclusions. Until now studies on neuroplasticity in humans can only explain small pieces of the effects of psychotropic drugs on brain plasticity in humans. Nevertheless, future prospects for the development of new drugs targeting brain plasticity will be of importance and will complete this overview.

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Course and Outcome of Schizophrenia

Cited by 48 publications

References 1 publication

Twenty-Five and Thirty-Five Year Follow up of First Admissions to Mental Hospital

Twenty-Five and Thirty-Five Year Follow up of First Admissions to Mental Hospital

One-Year Follow-UP of 67 Chronic Psychiatric Patients

Effects of psychotropic drugs on brain plasticity in humans

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