Courage, Justice, and Practical Wisdom as Key Virtues in the Era of COVID-19

Fowers, Blaine J.; Novak, Lukas F.; Calder, Alexander J.; Sommer, Robert

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647912

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the WADES considers disturbing thoughts and emotions and maladaptive behaviours as well as positive and constructive ones. This view is in line with Fowers et al (2021) who, from the perspective of practical wisdom, underline that during the COVID-19 pandemic certain fears seem to be 'wiser' or more adaptive than others. For example, fears of death or infection may be considered to be wiser than the fear that the quarantine will make us go insane (Question 14, option 5) or that the virus will destroy mankind (Question 14, option 4) or that in the future there will be less freedom (Question 14, option 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In emergency situations, such as pandemics, individual needs may in fact be in conflict with those of the wider community, and thus, a collectivist orientation may constitute a further dimension of situational wisdom during the health crisis. Recent literature (Fowers et al, 2021) focusing on virtues during the COVID-19 pandemic also underlined the importance of finding a balance between individual needs and the collective good, as well as the necessity to take appropriate risks and adhere to safety protocols. The construct of conscientiousness, which captures some of these aspects, refers to a global personality trait characterised by several facets, including industriousness, diligence, dutifulness and perseverance (MacCann et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Wisdom Acquired During Emergencies Scale – Development and Validity

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic and its related lockdown restrictions had repercussions on health status, psychological states of mind, and emotion regulation. Attitudes towards these restrictions, beliefs, emotions and behaviours could be wise, as in the acceptance of, and adaptation to, these constraints. On the other hand, they could be unwise, as in the rejection of rules and limitations, denial of the consequences, irrational beliefs, self-accusation, rage and general intolerance. This study aims to introduce the development and validation of the 25-item Wisdom Acquired During Emergencies Scale (WADES). It is a measure to assess the wisdom and self-regulation that are needed to cope with unexpected and unpredictable emergency situations. On the basis of a preliminary study (N1=212 Italian adults), a multiple-choice scale of 52 items was developed. In the reliability study (N2=1777), items were scaled, analysed according to the optimal score technique and selected to provide a final and reliable version (Cronbach’s α=0.83). The validity study (N3=1,345, N4=1,445, N5= 878) provided correlations with established scales measuring, for example, traditional wisdom, emotion regulation, empathy, post-traumatic growth, collectivism, conscientiousness and satisfaction with life. The results confirmed that high scores on the WADES are associated with the ability to regulate emotions, control impulses and develop goals in emotional situations, to tolerate current difficulties, while developing new attitudes, values and behaviours, entailing changes in self-perception and relationships. It was thus confirmed that high WADES scores indicate a higher degree of acquired wisdom.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Wisdom Acquired During Emergencies Scale – Development and Validity

et al. 2021

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“…The recently "Emerging Science of Virtue" by Fowers and colleagues (Cokelet and Fowers, 2019;Fowers et al, 2020Fowers et al, , 2021) is a very relevant approach to take into account in further building out of the suggested post-disciplinary well-being domain of study with its focus on values and virtuous behavior in wider contexts, and how these can foster human flourishing. These authors developed the STRIVE-4 model on virtues in intense cooperation between psychologists and philosophers.…”

Section: More Specific Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the “Third Wave of Positive Psychology”: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Research

Wissing

2022

Front. Psychol.

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The positive psychology (PP) landscape is changing, and its initial identity is being challenged. Moving beyond the “third wave of PP,” two roads for future research and practice in well-being studies are discerned: The first is the state of the art PP trajectory that will (for the near future) continue as a scientific (sub)discipline in/next to psychology (because of its popular brand name). The second trajectory (main focus of this manuscript) links to pointers described as part of the so-called third wave of PP, which will be argued as actually being the beginning of a new domain of inter- or transdisciplinary well-being studies in its own right. It has a broader scope than the state of the art in PP, but is more delineated than in planetary well-being studies. It is in particular suitable to understand the complex nature of bio-psycho-social-ecological well-being, and to promote health and wellness in times of enormous challenges and changes. A unique cohering focus for this post-disciplinary well-being research domain is proposed. In both trajectories, future research will have to increase cognizance of metatheoretical assumptions, develop more encompassing theories to bridge the conceptual fragmentation in the field, and implement methodological reforms, while keeping context and the interwovenness of the various levels of the scientific text in mind. Opportunities are indicated to contribute to the discourse on the identity and development of scientific knowledge in mainstream positive psychology and the evolving post-disciplinary domain of well-being studies.

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“…Public policy authors have put forward that justice enhances well-being by strengthening democracy and faith in institutions ( von Heimburg et al, 2021 ). Virtue ethics and existential psychology, meanwhile, suggest that justice helps advance flourishing by enhancing cooperation and upholding beneficial norms ( Fowers et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mattering Mediates Between Fairness and Well-being

2021

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Research has suggested a fundamental connection between fairness and well-being at the individual, relational, and societal levels. Mattering is a multidimensional construct consisting of feeling valued by, and adding value to, self and others. Prior studies have attempted to connect mattering to both fairness and a variety of well-being outcomes. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that mattering acts as a mediator between fairness and well-being. This hypothesis was tested through Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) using multidimensional measures of fairness, mattering, and well-being. Results from a Latent Path Analysis conducted on a representative sample of 1,051U.S. adults provide support to our hypothesis by revealing a strong direct predictive effect of mattering onto well-being and a strong indirect effect of fairness onto well-being through mattering. Results also show that mattering is likely to fully mediate the relationship between fairness and multiple domains of well-being, except in one case, namely, economic well-being. These findings illustrate the value of a focus on mattering to understand the relationship between fairness and well-being and to provide future directions for theory, research, and practice. Theoretical implications for the experience of citizenship and participation, along with cross-cultural considerations, are also discussed.

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Courage, Justice, and Practical Wisdom as Key Virtues in the Era of COVID-19

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

The Wisdom Acquired During Emergencies Scale – Development and Validity

The Wisdom Acquired During Emergencies Scale – Development and Validity

Beyond the “Third Wave of Positive Psychology”: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Research

Mattering Mediates Between Fairness and Well-being

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