Coal measures, widely developed in
the marine–continental
transitional environment, have been regarded as an important reservoir
of petroleum resources, such as coalbed methane, shale gas, and tight
sandstone gas. In this study, petrography, organic geochemistry, and
isotope geochemistry were conducted to reveal the organic matter sources,
maturation, and paleoenvironment of Permian coal-bearing source rocks
in the Pingdingshan coalfield, China. Organic petrography indicates
that the organic matter of the Lower Shanxi shales are derived from
the terrigenous and marine mixed inputs and those of the coals are
mostly sourced from terrigenous input. Thermal parameters suggest
that the source rocks of the Lower Shanxi Formation reached the late
oil generation stage (∼1.06% R
o), and that of the Upper Shanxi Formation entered the early oil generation
stage (∼0.87% R
o). Geochemical
results suggest good hydrocarbon potential of all coal samples but
poor potential of most mudstones and shales. The generated hydrocarbons
generally originate from the in situ source rocks, and no obvious
migrated hydrocarbons exist due to the low production indexes. δ13C and δ15N values of coals are significantly
more negative than those of mudstones and shales, suggesting that
the plants flourished with efficient photosynthesis and the coals
experienced intense microbial nitrogen fixation during the coal-forming
period. Rapid propagation of terrestrial plants leads to the increase
of carbon fixation by photosynthesis and the enrichment of 13C in the atmosphere. The increase of the sea level may lead to the
massive burial of terrestrial plants in peat swamps, which decreases
the photosynthesis and increases nitrogen fixation, resulting in the
depletion of 13C in the atmosphere and the enrichment of 15N in organic matter.