Coupling Pests to Crop Growth Simulators to Predict Yield Reductions

Boote, K. J.

doi:10.1094/phyto-73-1581

Cited by 186 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…Experimental determination of this relation for all possible combinations of crop status and environmental factors will take a lot of effort. Introduction of the measured leaf photosynthesis damage relationship into a process-level crop growth simulator, as proposed by Boote et al (2), provides quantitative insight into the consequences for crop growth and grain yield. A well-documented growth model for rice, in which the calculation of canopy photosynthesis is based on leaf photosynthetic rate of various leaf layers, has been developed recently (MACROS,17).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ratio Between Virtual and Visual Lesion Size as a Measure to Describe Reduction in Leaf Photosynthesis of Rice Due to Leaf Blast

Bastiaans¹

1991

Phytopathology

186

149

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Bastiaans, L. 1991. Ratio between virtual and visual lesion size as a measure to describe reduction in leaf photosynthesis of rice due to leaf blast. Phytopathology 81:611-615.The effect of Pyricularia oryzae, the causal organism of blast in rice, on net photosynthetic rate of rice leaves was measured in the field and in a greenhouse experiment. Leaf blast reduced photosynthesis not only through a reduction in green leaf area, but also through an effect on photosynthesis of the remaining green leaf tissue. A function was derived to relate the net photosynthetic rate of diseased leaf area (Px) to the photosynthesis of comparable healthy leaf area (P 0 ) and disease severity (x): Px = P 0 (1 -x) 13 • This function is based on the assumption that Additional keywords: Oryza sativa.After infection of rice leaves with Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, the causal organism of blast in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), ellipticalshaped lesions appear on leaves of susceptible cultivars. Goto (6) reported that yield loss due to leaf blast exceeded yield loss caused by cutting off of a percentage of leaf area equal to the percentage leaf covered by blast. This extra reduction meant that leaf blast influenced the host plant more than just the loss in leaf area. For various pathosystems, an effect of the pathogen on photosynthesis of the remaining green leaf area has been reported (for example, Erysiphe graminis on wheat [18] and Alternaria alternata on cotton [5]). Pathosystems in which the pathogen did not impair photosynthesis of healthy leaf tissue also have been reported (for example, Puccinia recondita on wheat [19] and Phytophthora infestans on potato [22]). Obviously, the effect of a pathogen on host photosynthesis varies according to the pathosystem under consideration.As far as the effect of P. oryzae on photosynthesis of rice is concerned, only observations on canopy photosynthesis of seedlings have been reported. Burrell and Rees (3) and Padhi et al (16) observed a marked reduction in canopy photosynthesis of inoculated seedlings when compared with the performance of healthy plants. Whether the reduction was solely attributable to a reduction in green leaf area was not determined.In this study, the effect of P. oryzae on leaf photosynthesis was measured, and a function was derived to describe the dependence of leaf photosynthetic rate on the fraction of leaf area with blast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn an experimental field at the International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, The Philippines, net rates of leaf photosynthesis were measured to determine the effect of leaf blast on photosynthesis of rice leaves. Similar observations were made © 1991 The American Phytopathological Society the visual lesion is part of a virtual lesion in which photosynthesis is negligible. The parameter f3 expresses the ratio between virtual and visual lesion size and characterizes the effect of the pathogen on leaf photosynthesis for the entire range of measured disease severities. A value of f3 between 3 and 4 gave a good descript...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ratio Between Virtual and Visual Lesion Size as a Measure to Describe Reduction in Leaf Photosynthesis of Rice Due to Leaf Blast

Bastiaans¹

1991

Phytopathology

186

149

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“…As part of CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean, the PEST module is identified by the variable that should serve to integrate the models (Boote et al, 1983). The factors, namely, DISLA (the variable used for the allocation of total diseased leaf area) and WLIDOT (an integration variable used to assign the damage caused by pests or cold damage to the leaf mass), were chosen.…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of the cropgro-soybean model to estimate yield loss caused by Asian rust in cultivars with different cycle

et al. 2012

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In recent years, crop models have increasingly been used to simulate agricultural features. The DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) is an important tool in modeling growth; however, one of its limitations is related to the unaccounted-for effect of diseases. Therefore, the goals of this study were to calibrate and validate the CSM CROPGRO-Soybean for the soybean cultivars M-SOY 6101 and MG/BR 46 (Conquista), analyze the performance and the effect of Asian soybean rust on these cultivars under the environmental conditions of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental data for the evaluation, testing, and adjustment of the genetic coefficients for the cultivars, M-SOY 6101 and MG/BR 46 (Conquista), were obtained during the 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2009/2010 growing seasons. GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) was used for the estimation of the genetic coefficients, and pedotransfer functions have been utilized to estimate the physical characteristics of the soil. For all of the sowing dates, the early season cultivar, M-SOY 6101, exhibited a lower variance in yield, which represents more stability with regard to the interannual climate variability, i.e., the farmers who use this cultivar will have in 50% of the crop years analyzed, a higher yield than a late-season cultivar. The MG/BR 46 (Conquista) cultivar demonstrated a greater probability of obtaining higher yield in years with favorable weather conditions. However, in the presence of the Asian soybean rust, yield is heavily affected. The early cultivar, M-SOY 6101, showed a lower risk of being affected by the rust and consequently exhibited less yield loss considering the scenario D90 (condensation on the leaf surface occurs when the relative humidity is greater than or equal to 90%), for a sowing date of November 14.Key words: DSSAT, calibration, validation, modeling, rust epidemics.Utilização do modelo cropgro-soybean na estimativa da perda de produtividade causada pela ferrugem asiática utilizando cultivares de diferentes ciclos ResumoNos últimos anos, tem-se observado grande aumento na utilização de modelos de simulação na agricultura. O DSSAT (Sistema de Suporte à Decisão para Transferência de Agrotecnologia) é uma importante ferramenta na modelagem e simulação de crescimento de culturas, porém, uma das limitações é a não contabilização do efeito imposto por doenças. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivos calibrar e validar o modelo CROPGRO-Soybean para as cultivares M-SOY 6101 e MG/BR 46 (Conquista), analisar a performance e o efeito da ferrugem asiática nessas cultivares nas condições edafoclimáticas de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados experimentais para avaliação, teste e ajuste dos coeficientes genéticos para as duas cultivares foram obtidos durante as safras 2006/007, 2007/2008 e 2009/2010. O GLUE (do inglês, Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) foi utilizado para a estimativa dos coeficientes genéticos e utilizaram-se as funções de pedotransferência para a estimativa dos parâmetro...

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“…The effect of disease or pest on crop performance may vary considerably depending on the place and the method of interaction (Boote et al, 1983). In Table 16, some sites of coupling between crop and pests and diseases are indicated.…”

Section: Dynamic Explanatory Models As a Vehicle For Development Of Eilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and systems management in crop protection

1991

Plant Growth Regul

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No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations embodied in critical reviews, may be reported, re-recorded or published in any form including print, photocopy, microfilm, electronic or electromagnetic record without written permission from the publisher: Pudoc, P.O. Box 4, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands. Population models for fruit-tree red spider mite and predatory mites -R. Rabbinge Pests, disease and weeds have threatened crop production since man began agricultural activity. They are a nuisance to the farmer in every agricultural system, be it subsistence farming or the high input farming now practised in many parts of the Western world. Printed in the NetherlandsIn the last decade, pest and disease management have become accepted terms in crop protection. This is due both to a revolution in thinking and to a considerable increase in knowledge. The rather simplistic concept of destruction or total exclusion of a plant pest or disease has changed, and made way for the concepts of supervised control and pest and disease management. In agricultural systems, disease or pest outbreaks are no longer disasters which must be accepted, but are now manageable and manipulable phenomena. Intensive agriculture is developing into a technological rather than a biological activity.More and more techniques with well-understood effects have been developed and are beginning to dominate the less well-understood methods of biological control. This enables the farmer and his advisers to manage the agricultural system to meet a well-defined target, that of maximum economic return in the short term and sound agricultural practice in the long term.Crop protection is incorporated into a cropping system to manipulate the pathosystem of a crop in a way that prevents economic loss. Crop protection research is following a similar trend: the accent is changing from the 'scientific', to the 'technological'. Both types of research focus on crop protection. Scientific and technological activities are not considered to be qualitatively different, nor can an appeal be made to concepts of'pure' as opposed to 'applied' science. They are considered as points on a convenient spectrum that is defined in terms of the objectives and expectations of the practitioners.This development in crop protection research -from studying and describing effects to understanding, governing and manipulating cropping systems -has been made possible by an enormous increase in our knowledge of the prosesses of crop growth and crop production, and by an improved understanding of how crops behave and can be affected.Systems analysis and simulation have contributed considerably to this development by providing the insight which has led to crop management policies and techniques. Modern crop protection is a complicated affair in which risk, cost-effectiveness and environment must be considered. Genetic resistance, crop husbandry methods and weather determine the course of insect-pest outbreaks and disease epidemics. Pesticides are often...

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Coupling Pests to Crop Growth Simulators to Predict Yield Reductions

Cited by 186 publications

References 0 publications

Ratio Between Virtual and Visual Lesion Size as a Measure to Describe Reduction in Leaf Photosynthesis of Rice Due to Leaf Blast

Ratio Between Virtual and Visual Lesion Size as a Measure to Describe Reduction in Leaf Photosynthesis of Rice Due to Leaf Blast

Utilization of the cropgro-soybean model to estimate yield loss caused by Asian rust in cultivars with different cycle

Simulation and systems management in crop protection

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