Coupling of σ
            <sup>G</sup>
            Activation to Completion of Engulfment during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis Survives Large Perturbations to DNA Translocation and Replication

Regan, Genevieve Victoria; Itaya, Mitsuhiro; Piggot, Patrick J.

doi:10.1128/jb.01470-12

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…While the feeding tube is necessary for activation of σ G , it is still not completely understood how activation of σ G is precisely linked to the end of engulfment. Indeed, recent observations have indicated that completion of engulfment is actually linked to the completion of chromosome translocation into the forespore, suggesting that chromosome translocation also contributes to the timing of σ G activation (Regan et al ., ).…”

Section: Stage Iii: Engulfmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spore formation inBacillus subtilis

Tan

Ramamurthi

2013

Environ Microbiol Rep

318

289

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Summary Although prokaryotes ordinarily undergo binary fission to produce two identical daughter cells, some are able to undergo alternative developmental pathways that produce daughter cells of distinct cell morphology and fate. One such example is a developmental program called sporulation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, which occurs under conditions of environmental stress. Sporulation has long been used as a model system to help elucidate basic processes of developmental biology including transcription regulation, intercellular signaling, membrane remodeling, protein localization, and cell fate determination. This review highlights some of the recent work that has been done to further understand prokaryotic cell differentiation during sporulation and its potential applications.

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Section: Stage Iii: Engulfmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spore formation inBacillus subtilis

Tan

Ramamurthi

2013

Environ Microbiol Rep

318

289

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“…The feeding tube has homology to secretion systems and transports unknown small molecules into the forespore that are required for σ G activation [26–28]. σ G activity also appears to require completion of engulfment, [29] although recent studies challenge this notion [30]. Regardless, σ G activation depends both on the status of the mother cell and forespore.…”

Section: Regulation Of Sporulation In Bacillus Subtilismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse mechanisms regulate sporulation sigma factor activity in the Firmicutes

Fimlaid

Shen

2015

Current Opinion in Microbiology

125

112

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Sporulation allows bacteria to survive adverse conditions and is essential to the lifecycle of some obligate anaerobes. In Bacillus subtilis, the sporulation-specific sigma factors, σF, σE, σG, and σK, activate compartment-specific transcriptional programs that drive sporulation through its morphological stages. The regulation of these sigma factors was predicted to be conserved across the Firmicutes, since the regulatory proteins controlling their activation are largely conserved. However, recent studies in (Pepto)clostridium difficile, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium perfringens, and Clostridium botulinum have revealed striking differences in the order, activation, and function of sporulation sigma factors. These studies indicate that gene conservation does not necessarily predict gene function and that new mechanisms for controlling cell fate determination remain to be discovered in the anaerobic Clostridia.

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“…Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that these cell typespecific transcriptional programs are coupled to morphogenesis. Specifically, it was proposed that the activation of the forespore transcription factor s G is coupled to the completion of engulfment and membrane fission (Stragier and Losick 1996;Rudner and Losick 2001;Rudner and Doan 2008;Regan et al 2012). One compelling model was that the isolation of the forespore from the external environment as a result of fission served as the trigger for s G .…”

Section: Interactions Between the Extracellular Domain Of Fisb And CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the severe defect in morphogenesis in these mutants and the small number of cells that turned on s G raised concern that the activation might not be biologically relevant. Furthermore, recent genetic experiments using large insertions into the B. subtilis chromosome that delay DNA transport into the forespore suggest that s G activation could indeed be coupled to completion of engulfment (Regan et al 2012). The FisB mutant allowed us to revisit the link between s G activity and morphogenesis in a strain in which engulfment proceeds normally and only fission is impaired.…”

Section: Interactions Between the Extracellular Domain Of Fisb And CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

FisB mediates membrane fission during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

et al. 2013

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How bacteria catalyze membrane fission during growth and differentiation is an outstanding question in prokaryotic cell biology. Here, we describe a protein (FisB, for fission protein B) that mediates membrane fission during the morphological process of spore formation in Bacillus subtilis. Sporulating cells divide asymmetrically, generating a large mother cell and smaller forespore. After division, the mother cell membranes migrate around the forespore in a phagocytic-like process called engulfment. Membrane fission releases the forespore into the mother cell cytoplasm. Cells lacking FisB are severely and specifically impaired in the fission reaction. Moreover, GFP-FisB forms dynamic foci that become immobilized at the site of fission. Purified FisB catalyzes lipid mixing in vitro and is only required in one of the fusing membranes, suggesting that FisB-lipid interactions drive membrane remodeling. Consistent with this idea, the extracytoplasmic domain of FisB binds with remarkable specificity to cardiolipin, a lipid enriched in the engulfing membranes and regions of negative curvature. We propose that membrane topology at the final stage of engulfment and FisB-cardiolipin interactions ensure that the mother cell membranes are severed at the right time and place. The unique properties of FisB set it apart from the known fission machineries in eukaryotes, suggesting that it represents a new class of fission proteins.

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Coupling of σ ^G Activation to Completion of Engulfment during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis Survives Large Perturbations to DNA Translocation and Replication

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Spore formation inBacillus subtilis

Spore formation inBacillus subtilis

Diverse mechanisms regulate sporulation sigma factor activity in the Firmicutes

FisB mediates membrane fission during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

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Coupling of σ G Activation to Completion of Engulfment during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis Survives Large Perturbations to DNA Translocation and Replication

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Spore formation inBacillus subtilis

Spore formation inBacillus subtilis

Diverse mechanisms regulate sporulation sigma factor activity in the Firmicutes

FisB mediates membrane fission during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Coupling of σ ^G Activation to Completion of Engulfment during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis Survives Large Perturbations to DNA Translocation and Replication