Coupling of cell division to cell growth by translational control of the G<sub>1</sub> cyclin <i>CLN3</i> in yeast

Polymenis, Michael; Schmidt, Emmett V.

doi:10.1101/gad.11.19.2522

Cited by 271 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(78 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

257

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The intimate relationship between protein biosynthesis and cell cycle progression through G1 that we observed is consistent with previous observations linking protein synthesis with G1 transit (Unger and Hartwell, 1976;Bedard et al, 1981;Moreno and Nurse, 1994), with connections between ribosome biogenesis and cell size regulation at Start (Jorgensen et al, 2002(Jorgensen et al, , 2004, and with links between translation rate and G1 (Polymenis and Schmidt, 1997) and provides a global view of cellular processes that contribute to passage through the cell cycle commitment point in G1, Start. There is concordance between our G1 data and that derived from cell cycle screening of Drosophila cells after gene product depletion by RNAi (Bjorklund et al, 2006) in that both screens show clear involvement of protein biosynthesis pathways in G1 transit.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

A Survey of Essential Gene Function in the Yeast Cell Division Cycle

Peña‐Castillo

Mnaimneh

et al. 2006

MBoC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mutations impacting specific stages of cell growth and division have provided a foundation for dissecting mechanisms that underlie cell cycle progression. We have undertaken an objective examination of the yeast cell cycle through flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in TetO 7 promoter mutant strains representing 75% of all essential yeast genes. More than 65% of the strains displayed specific alterations in DNA content, suggesting that reduced function of an essential gene in most cases impairs progression through a specific stage of the cell cycle. Because of the large number of essential genes required for protein biosynthesis, G1 accumulation was the most common phenotype observed in our analysis. In contrast, relatively few mutants displayed S-phase delay, and most of these were defective in genes required for DNA replication or nucleotide metabolism. G2 accumulation appeared to arise from a variety of defects. In addition to providing a global view of the diversity of essential cellular processes that influence cell cycle progression, these data also provided predictions regarding the functions of individual genes: we identified four new genes involved in protein trafficking (NUS1, PHS1, PGA2, PGA3), and we found that CSE1 and SMC4 are important for DNA replication. INTRODUCTIONCell division is a fundamental biological process that in all organisms consists of a series of closely coordinated events. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cell division cycle begins with an initial growth phase, G1, during which time the cell increases in mass and volume. The transition from G1 into S phase is marked by progression through Start (the point of commitment to cell division), initiation of nuclear DNA synthesis, and the emergence of a bud that will form the new daughter cell. S phase is followed by a second growth phase, G2, which is in turn followed by nuclear division, and then cell separation. A very similar series of events occurs in all eukaryotes, with the obvious exception of bud emergence. Because of the fundamental biological importance of cell cycle progression and its importance in both human development and diseases such as cancer, identification of the molecular determinants of specific stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle has been a subject of intense study for several decades.The morphological landmarks of the cell cycle stages in budding yeast, most notably the size of the bud relative to the size of the mother cell, allows the identification of mutants blocked at specific stages of the cell cycle and thereby forms the basis for the classic cell cycle screens (Hartwell et al., 1970;Culotti and Hartwell, 1971;Hartwell, 1971aHartwell, , 1971bHartwell, , 1973Moir et al., 1982). These genetic screens, using conditional temperature-sensitive mutants, identified more than 50 genes that are required for specific stages in the cell division cycle and so were termed CDC genes. On average 4.6 alleles were identified for each CDC gene in the original screens, suggesting the number of cdc mutan...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

A Survey of Essential Gene Function in the Yeast Cell Division Cycle

Peña‐Castillo

Mnaimneh

et al. 2006

MBoC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Under poor growth conditions, Cln3 levels are dramatically reduced due to frequent initiation from uORFs and reduced translation initiation from the cln3 start codon. However, under favorable growth conditions, Cln3 levels greatly increase, resulting in rapid transition through START [149]. A similar mechanism also exists in multicellular systems such as Drosophila, in which progression through G1/S and G2/M is controlled by the levels of cyclin E and Cdc25, respectively [150,151].…”

Section: Interaction Between Cell Growth and Cell Division In Cell Anmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular mechanism of size control in development and human diseases

Yang

2011

Cell Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How multicellular organisms control their size is a fundamental question that fascinated generations of biologists. In the past 10 years, tremendous progress has been made toward our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying size control. Original studies from Drosophila showed that in addition to extrinsic nutritional and hormonal cues, intrinsic mechanisms also play important roles in the control of organ size during development. Several novel signaling pathways such as insulin and Hippo-LATS signaling pathways have been identified that control organ size by regulating cell size and/or cell number through modulation of cell growth, cell division, and cell death. Later studies using mammalian cell and mouse models also demonstrated that the signaling pathways identified in flies are also conserved in mammals. Significantly, recent studies showed that dysregulation of size control plays important roles in the development of many human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and hypertrophy.

show abstract

“…It is known that nutritional starvation induces the rapid drop in transcripts of CLN1 and CLN2 but does not relatively affect the transcript level of CLN3 (Barbet et al, 1996). The starvationinduced G 1 arrest is regulated mainly by the modulation of cyclic AMP (Hall et al, 1998) and the translational control of CLN3 (Polymenis and Schmidt, 1997) through the TOR signalling pathway (Barbet et al, 1996). Because, in alkaline conditions, cells become relatively impermeable to the uptake of amino acids and nucleotide precursors (Esposito and Klapholz, 1981), it is likely that nutritional starvation decreased transcript levels of CLN1 and CLN2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transcriptional autoregulatory loop for KIN28–CCL1 and SRB10–SRB11, each encoding RNA polymerase II CTD kinase–cyclin pair, stimulates the meiotic development of S. cerevisiae

Ohkuni¹,

Yamashita²

2000

Yeast

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alkalization of the medium is associated with and required for the cellular development to meiosis and sporulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for the signi®cance of external alkalization, we isolated mutants defective in division arrest at G 1 phase under an alkaline condition. The mutants obtained had recessive alleles of SRB10 encoding the cyclin (SRB11)-dependent protein kinase that phosphorylates the CTD domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and negatively regulates the transcriptional initiation of certain genes. A Dsrb11 deletion mutant showed the same cell cycle defect. When shifted to alkali, wild-type cells decreased transcript levels of G 1 -cyclin genes (CLN1 to CLN3) and KIN28±CCL1 (encoding another CTD kinase±cyclin pair which, in contrast, stimulates the promoter clearance and transcriptional elongation in most genes), resulting in the accumulation of G 1 cells and the hypophosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II and in an increase in cell size. However, under the same conditions, a Dsrb10 mutant was defective in these events, except the downregulation of CLN1 and CLN2. The Dsrb10 mutation also in¯uenced on the transcript levels of meiosis-inducing genes called IME1 and IME2: the mutation elevated the transcript level of IME1 but reduced that of IME2, resulting in partial defects in premeiotic DNA synthesis and meiosis. Overexpression of KIN28 and CCL1 in wild-type cells impaired the alkali-induced G 1 arrest and the rate of meiosis and elevated the transcript levels of SRB11 and IME1. These results indicate that a transcriptional autoregulatory loop for KIN28±CCL1 and SRB10±SRB11 is important for G 1 arrest and meiosis. We also found that environmental conditions for meiosis ®nely regulate the transcript levels of KIN28 and CCL1, such that nitrogen starvation ®rst elevates them but subsequent alkalization of medium decreases them.

show abstract

Coupling of cell division to cell growth by translational control of the G₁ cyclin CLN3 in yeast

Cited by 271 publications

References 56 publications

A Survey of Essential Gene Function in the Yeast Cell Division Cycle

A Survey of Essential Gene Function in the Yeast Cell Division Cycle

Molecular mechanism of size control in development and human diseases

A transcriptional autoregulatory loop for KIN28–CCL1 and SRB10–SRB11, each encoding RNA polymerase II CTD kinase–cyclin pair, stimulates the meiotic development of S. cerevisiae

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Coupling of cell division to cell growth by translational control of the G1 cyclin CLN3 in yeast

Cited by 271 publications

References 56 publications

A Survey of Essential Gene Function in the Yeast Cell Division Cycle

A Survey of Essential Gene Function in the Yeast Cell Division Cycle

Molecular mechanism of size control in development and human diseases

A transcriptional autoregulatory loop for KIN28–CCL1 and SRB10–SRB11, each encoding RNA polymerase II CTD kinase–cyclin pair, stimulates the meiotic development of S. cerevisiae

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Coupling of cell division to cell growth by translational control of the G₁ cyclin CLN3 in yeast