Coupling of an erbium spin ensemble to a superconducting resonator

Staudt, M. U.; Hoi, I.-C.; Krantz, Philip; Sandberg, Martin; Simoen, Michael Roger Andre; Bushev, Pavel; Sangouard, Nicolas; Afzelius, Mikael; Shumeiko, Vitaly; Johansson, Göran; Delsing, Per; Wilson, Christopher

doi:10.1088/0953-4075/45/12/124019

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This can be used to interface microwave photons to a RE doped crystal through a superconducting resonator 22,23 and obtain quantum memories for superconducting qubits. [24][25][26] In this case too, nuclear hyperfine transitions can provide long storage time.…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution optical spectroscopy and magnetic properties ofYb3+inY2SiO5
Welinski
¹
,
Ferrier
²
,
Afzelius
³

et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. B
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Rare earth doped crystals are promising systems for quantum information processing. In particular paramagnetic rare earths could be used to build coherent interfaces with optical and microwave photons. In addition, isotopes with non zero nuclear spins could provide long lived states for quantum state storage and processing. Yb 3+ is particularly interesting in this respect since it is the only paramagnetic rare earth with a spin 1/2 isotope, which corresponds to the simplest possible level structure. In this paper, we report on the optical and magnetic properties of Yb 3+ in the two sites of Y2SiO5, a commonly used crystal for quantum applications. We measured optical inhomogeneous linewidths, peak absorption coefficients, oscillator strengths, excited state lifetimes and fluorescence branching ratios. The Zeeman tensors were also determined in the ground and excited states, as well as the ground state hyperfine tensor for the 171 Yb 3+ (I = 1/2) isotope. These results suggest that Yb 3+ :Y2SiO5 is a promising material for applications like solid state optical and microwave quantum memories.

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Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution optical spectroscopy and magnetic properties ofYb3+inY2SiO5
Welinski
¹
,
Ferrier
²
,
Afzelius
³

et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. B
Self Cite
40
4
39
1
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“…In that respect, circuit Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) with RE doped crystals at the femtowatt power level and at milli-Kelvin temperatures presents a first step towards the implementation of a quantum memory [20,21]. A strong coupling regime accompanied with large collective coupling strength 30-200 MHz has been recently demonstrated [22][23][24].…”

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confidence: 99%

Microwave multimode memory with an erbium spin ensemble

et al. 2015

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Hybrid quantum system combining circuit QED with spin doped solids are an attractive platform for distributed quantum information processing. There, the magnetic ions serve as coherent memory elements and reversible conversion elements of microwave to optical qubits. Among many possible spin-doped solids, erbium ions offer the unique opportunity of a coherent conversion of microwave photons into the telecom C-band at 1.54 µm employed for long distance communication. In our work, we perform a time-resolved electron spin resonance study of an Er 3+ :Y2SiO5 spin ensemble at milli-Kelvin temperatures and demonstrate multimode storage and retrieval of up to 16 coherent microwave pulses. The memory efficiency is measured to be 10 −4 at the coherence time of T2 = 5.6 µs. We observe a saturation of the spin coherence time below 50mK due to full polarization of the surrounding electronic spin bath.A future quantum communication technology will combine three basic types of subsystems: Transmission channels, repeater stations and information processing nodes [1,2]. Similarly to classical communication networks, photons propagating through optical fiber channels are ideal for carrying quantum states over long distances and distribute entanglement between information processing nodes [3]. These computational nodes or quantum processors may be realized by employing single atomic or macroscopic solid-state systems. Among a plethora of solid state devices, superconducting (SC) qubits are one of the most promising building blocks for a future quantum computer [4]. Many ground breaking experiments have recently been demonstrated with SC qubits including the measurement of long coherence and relaxation times of up to 0.1 ms [5], coherent operation of up to three-qubit processors [6], the implementation of a deterministic two-qubit gate [7] and the realization of a basic surface code for fault tolerant computing [8]. These qubits operate at microwave frequencies and cryogenic temperatures. In order to embed them into the emerging quantum optical internet technology a coherent interface between optical and microwave photons is required [9].Ensembles of rare-earth (RE) ions doped into a crystal are a suitable system for coherent photon conversion between optical and microwave frequency bands [10][11][12]. Such RE doped crystals are currently at the forefront of quantum communication research, where many thrilling achievements such as the demonstration of a quantum memory at the optical telecom C-band [13], high efficiency storage of optical photons [14], generation of entanglement between two RE doped crystals [15] and quantum teleportation between a telecom O-band photon (1.34 µm) and a RE doped crystal [16] have been reported. Also, RE doped crystals are considered to have a great potential as a multimode optical memory element in a future quantum repeater technology [17], and storage and retrieval of 64 temporal optical modes at the single photon level has been demonstrated [18].A crucial step towards the development of a microwav...

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“…The strong coupling of spins to SC-resonators [26][27][28][29] as well as the full hybrid quantum architecture has recently been demonstrated [30,31]. The exploration of hybrid systems based on Er 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 (Er:YSO) crystals coupled to SC resonators has started successfully [23,32]. Such a crystal is known for the longest measured optical coherence time among solid state systems [33] and for its large spin tuning rate of up to 200 GHz/T [34][35][36].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In Magnetic field (mT) Rare earth doped YAP crystals belong to the orthorombic D 2h space group and reveal a relatively low magnetic anisotropy compared to YSO [39], which has already been shown to be suitable for the integration with SC quantum circuits [23,32]. The unit cell of a YAP crystal consists of four distorted perovskite cells creating four magnetic classes for the Y 3+ ions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Strong coupling of anEr3+-dopedYAlO3crystal to a superconducting resonator

et al. 2014

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Quantum memories are integral parts of both quantum computers and quantum communication networks. Naturally, such a memory is embedded into a hybrid quantum architecture, which has to meet the requirements of fast gates, long coherence times and long distance communication. Erbium doped crystals are well suited as a microwave quantum memory for superconducting circuits with additional access to the optical telecom C-band around 1.55 µm. Here, we report on circuit QED experiments with an Er 3+ :YAlO3 crystal and demonstrate strong coupling to a superconducting lumped element resonator. The low magnetic anisotropy of the host crystal allows for attaining the strong coupling regime at relatively low magnetic fields, which are compatible with superconducting circuits. In addition, Ce 3+ impurities were detected in the crystal, which showed strong coupling as well.PACS numbers: 42.50. Fx, 76.30.Kg, 03.67.Hk, 03.67.Lx, Reliable operation of quantum information and communication protocols requires a quantum memory (QM), i.e. a system, which allows for storage and on-demand retrieval of a quantum bit [1,2]. This can be realized by a great variety of physical systems such as single trapped ions [3], atoms [4], single spins [5], two-level defects [6] and spin-ensembles [7], which differ by their frequency band, coherence time and operating conditions. Rare-earth (RE) ions doped into a solid represent one of most promising systems suitable for quantum memories, because their inner shell 4f optical electronic transitions possess very long coherence times [8]. The excellent optical properties of RE doped crystals are confirmed and harvested by the world wide research in quantum optics. This includes a light-matter interface at the single photon level [9], an efficient and broadband quantum memory for light [10,11], a quantum memory at the telecom Cband [12], an atomic frequency comb memory [13], storage of entanglement in a RE doped crystal [14] and generation of entanglement between two crystals [15]. Yet, in contrast to the single atom approach, a quantum memory based on RE doped solids allows for the implementation of multimode storage protocols [16,17].There are seven RE's ions (Ce 3+ , Nd 3+ , Sm 3+ , Gd 3+ , Dy 3+ , Er 3+ , Yb 3+ ), which are suited for a microwave quantum memory due to the presence of a large electronic spin associated with an unquenched orbital moment [18]. Most of them have access to the nuclear spin degrees of freedom, which allow for long term storage [19]. These RE ions can be doped into a variety of host crystals, and therefore, can potentially be integrated with superconducting (SC) quantum circuits [20]. The resulting hybrid quantum system can consist of a SC qubit, a transmission line or a resonator magnetically coupled to the spin ensemble [21]. The exclusive feature of some RE ions (Nd 3+ , Er 3+ , Yb 3+ ) is the presence of optical transitions inside standard telecommunication bands. A quantum memory based on these RE elements can be very attractive for quantum communication between qubits...

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Coupling of an erbium spin ensemble to a superconducting resonator

Cited by 35 publications

References 47 publications

High-resolution optical spectroscopy and magnetic properties ofYb3+inY2SiO5
Welinski
¹
,
Ferrier
²
,
Afzelius
³

et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. B
Self Cite
40
4
39
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-resolution optical spectroscopy and magnetic properties ofYb3+inY2SiO5
Welinski
¹
,
Ferrier
²
,
Afzelius
³

et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. B
Self Cite
40
4
39
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microwave multimode memory with an erbium spin ensemble

Strong coupling of anEr3+-dopedYAlO3crystal to a superconducting resonator

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Coupling of an erbium spin ensemble to a superconducting resonator

Cited by 35 publications

References 47 publications

High-resolution optical spectroscopy and magnetic properties ofYb3+inY2SiO5Welinski1, Ferrier2, Afzelius3 et al. 2016Phys. Rev. BSelf Cite404391View full textAdd to dashboardCite

High-resolution optical spectroscopy and magnetic properties ofYb3+inY2SiO5Welinski1, Ferrier2, Afzelius3 et al. 2016Phys. Rev. BSelf Cite404391View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Microwave multimode memory with an erbium spin ensemble

Strong coupling of anEr3+-dopedYAlO3crystal to a superconducting resonator

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

High-resolution optical spectroscopy and magnetic properties ofYb3+inY2SiO5
Welinski
¹
,
Ferrier
²
,
Afzelius
³

et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. B
Self Cite
40
4
39
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-resolution optical spectroscopy and magnetic properties ofYb3+inY2SiO5
Welinski
¹
,
Ferrier
²
,
Afzelius
³

et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. B
Self Cite
40
4
39
1
View full text Add to dashboard Cite