Coupling Hydrodynamics to Nonequilibrium Degrees of Freedom in Strongly Interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma

Heller, Michał; Janik, Romuald A.; Spaliński, Michał; Witaszczyk, Przemysław

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.261601

Cited by 94 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, the first-order viscous correction is found to retain the memory of the initial condition. Within a strong coupling calculation, a proper treatment of the underlying microscopic degrees of freedom leads to an evolution equation which is second-order rather than first-order [55], so that the solution is not solely determined by the initial value of T μν . Our calculation provides an explicit illustration, within a weak-coupling calculation, that the initial value of T μν does not solely determine the evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscous corrections to anisotropic flow and transverse momentum spectra from transport theory

Plumari¹,

Guardo²,

Greco³

et al. 2015

Nuclear Physics A

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minor revisionInternational audienceViscous hydrodynamics is commonly used to model the evolution of the matter created in an ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collision. It provides a good description of transverse momentum spectra and anisotropic flow. These observables, however, cannot be consistently derived using viscous hydrodynamics alone, because they depend on the microscopic interactions at freeze-out. We derive the ideal hydrodynamic limit and the first-order viscous correction to anisotropic flow ($v_2$, $v_3$ and $v_4$) and momentum spectrum using a transport calculation. The linear response coefficient to the initial anisotropy, $v_n(p_T)/\varepsilon_n$, depends little on $n$ in the ideal hydrodynamic limit. The viscous correction to the spectrum depends not only on the differential cross section, but also on the initial momentum distribution. This dependence is not captured by standard second-order viscous hydrodynamics. The viscous correction to anisotropic flow increases with $p_T$, but this increase is slower than usually assumed in viscous hydrodynamic calculations. In particular, it is too slow to explain the observed maximum of $v_n$ at $p_T\sim 3$ GeV/c

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscous corrections to anisotropic flow and transverse momentum spectra from transport theory

Plumari¹,

Guardo²,

Greco³

et al. 2015

Nuclear Physics A

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“…Ref. [144] has recently proposed a way to describe the approach towards hydrodynamics in strongly-coupled SYM that involves equations of motion that are qualitatively different than those in (6.3) and (6.4) since they involve a second order, homogeneous differential equation for the part of the shear stress tensor associated with the two lowest quasinormal modes π are not taken into account). It would be interesting to investigate whether their effective theory is also applicable in the case of the non-conformal plasma studied in this paper.…”

Section: Jhep02(2015)051mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic transport coefficients for the non-conformal quark-gluon plasma from holography

Finazzo

Rougemont

Marrochio

et al. 2015

J. High Energ. Phys.

113

153

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In this paper we obtain holographic formulas for the transport coefficients κ and τ π present in the second-order derivative expansion of relativistic hydrodynamics in curved spacetime associated with a non-conformal strongly coupled plasma described holographically by an Einstein+Scalar action in the bulk. We compute these coefficients as functions of the temperature in a bottom-up non-conformal model that is tuned to reproduce lattice QCD thermodynamics at zero baryon chemical potential. We directly compute, besides the speed of sound, 6 other transport coefficients that appear at second-order in the derivative expansion. We also give an estimate for the temperature dependence of 11 other transport coefficients taking into account the simplest contribution from non-conformal effects that appear near the QCD crossover phase transition. Using these results, we construct an Israel-Stewart-like theory in flat spacetime containing 13 of these 17 transport coefficients that should be suitable for phenomenological applications in the context of numerical hydrodynamic simulations of the strongly-coupled, non-conformal quark-gluon plasma. Using several different approximations, we give parametrizations for the temperature dependence of all the second-order transport coefficients that appear in this theory in a format that can be easily implemented in existing numerical hydrodynamic codes.

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“…For different strongly coupled theories it has been shown that the hydrodynamical gradient series expansion has zero radius of convergence and thus, it diverges [19]. On the other hand, the divergent behavior of the hydrodynamical series expansion is also well known in weakly coupled systems based on the Boltzmann equation for relativistic and nonrelativistic systems [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1D nonautonomous parametrized by a new time w) due to scaling symmetry [19,25]. This suggests that its attractor is a planar 1-manifold characterized by w and the basin of attraction is indeed 2D.…”

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confidence: 99%

Far-from-equilibrium attractors and nonlinear dynamical systems approach to the Gubser flow

2018

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The nonequilibrium attractors of systems undergoing Gubser flow within relativistic kinetic theory are studied. In doing so we employ well-established methods of nonlinear dynamical systems which rely on finding the fixed points, investigating the structure of the flow diagrams of the evolution equations, and characterizing the basin of attraction using a Lyapunov function near the stable fixed points. We obtain the attractors of anisotropic hydrodynamics, Israel-Stewart (IS) and transient fluid (DNMR) theories and show that they are indeed nonplanar and the basin of attraction is essentially three dimensional. The attractors of each hydrodynamical model are compared with the one obtained from the exact Gubser solution of the Boltzmann equation within the relaxation time approximation. We observe that the anisotropic hydrodynamics is able to match up to high numerical accuracy the attractor of the exact solution while the second-order hydrodynamical theories fail to describe it. We show that the IS and DNMR asymptotic series expansions diverge and use resurgence techniques to perform the resummation of these divergences. We also comment on a possible link between the manifold of steepest descent paths in path integrals and the basin of attraction for the attractors via Lyapunov functions that opens a new horizon toward an effective field theory description of hydrodynamics. Our findings indicate that the reorganization of the expansion series carried out by anisotropic hydrodynamics resums the Knudsen and inverse Reynolds numbers to all orders and thus, it can be understood as an effective theory for the far-from-equilibrium fluid dynamics.

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Coupling Hydrodynamics to Nonequilibrium Degrees of Freedom in Strongly Interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma

Cited by 94 publications

References 30 publications

Viscous corrections to anisotropic flow and transverse momentum spectra from transport theory

Viscous corrections to anisotropic flow and transverse momentum spectra from transport theory

Hydrodynamic transport coefficients for the non-conformal quark-gluon plasma from holography

Far-from-equilibrium attractors and nonlinear dynamical systems approach to the Gubser flow

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