Coupling Between Waveguides

Hunsperger, Robert G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48730-2_7

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

1991

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-48730-2_7

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Coupling Between Waveguides

Robert G. Hunsperger¹

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2007

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“…The mechanical resonator acts as a photonic waveguide; when the evanescent tails of the guided modes of the resonator and waveguide overlap, photons tunnel from one waveguide to the other. 12 As described by the coupled-mode theory, the fraction of optical power exchanged is a function of the modal overlap. Hence, it depends on the coupling length, waveguide-towaveguide separation s, and amount of mode penetration.…”

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Detection of nanomechanical motion by evanescent light wave coupling

Vlaminck

Roels

Taillaert

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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The authors demonstrate a technique allowing sensitive nanomechanical motion detection based on the evanescent light wave coupling between two photonic nanowires. Any relative motion between the nanowires results in a change in light coupling, providing a means of registering motion. The in-plane vibrations of a 220 nmϫ 400 nmϫ 10 m nanomechanical resonator were recorded using this method. An analysis of the sensitivity reveals the potential of this integrated technique to provide fast and sensitive motion detection. © 2007 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2746067͔ Nanoelectromechanical systems ͑NEMSs͒ have received great attention in recent years. Most research has focused on resonant devices for sensor applications. 1,2 Through scaling of the mechanical sensing element from the micron-to the nanoscale, researchers were able to improve the detection limits in force and mass sensing drastically. Devices sensitive enough to measure the magnetic moment of a single electron spin 3 or to perform zeptogram scale mass sensing 4 have resulted from efforts in scaling. A central problem in the development of even more sensitive mechanical sensors is the fast and high-precision detection of motion. In many cases, the performance of the sensor is restricted by the efficiency of the motion detection method employed, more so than by the inherent capabilities of the mechanical element. Much research has been devoted to solving this problem and a myriad of optical and electronic techniques has been developed. 5 Optical motion detection techniques have the inherent advantage that optical signals can be communicated with very large bandwidth. 6-8 Unfortunately, for conventional optical techniques, diffraction effects limit the attainable detection limits when the mechanical devices are scaled. It has been anticipated that these issues can be overcome by integration of mechanical sensors with nanophotonics and by exploiting optical near-field effects. 1,5 Recently, it was shown that motion of micron-scale devices can be monitored through changes in end-to-end alignment of optical waveguides. [9][10][11] In this letter, we propose an integrated and near-field optical motion detection technique that exploits near-field optical evanescent-wave coupling. We demonstrate that the technique works efficiently for nanoscale mechanical resonators, with greater sensitivity than conventional optical techniques.The approach offers potential for applications where robust and sensitive measurement of motion is required and applications requiring remote detection or detection of motion in harsh environments. The integration of the device with photonic circuitry reduces the complexity of addressing large arrays of devices.The detection of nanomechanical motion is achieved through the near-field coupling of light from a photonic waveguide to a mechanical resonator. The mechanical resonator acts as a photonic waveguide; when the evanescent tails of the guided modes of the resonator and waveguide overlap, photons tunnel from one wavegu...

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Detection of nanomechanical motion by evanescent light wave coupling

Vlaminck

Roels

Taillaert

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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Coupling Between Waveguides

Cited by 1 publication

References 16 publications

Detection of nanomechanical motion by evanescent light wave coupling

Detection of nanomechanical motion by evanescent light wave coupling

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