Coupling and decoupling of evolutionary mode between X- and Y-chromosomal red-green opsin genes in owl monkeys

Nagao, Kenji; Takenaka, Naomi; Hirai, Momoki; Kawamura, Shoji

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2005.04.008

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The female parent of these sibling monkeys belonged to A. azarae type (2n = 50), and the male parent was of unknown lineage (2n = 53). The karyotype maps of the nowdeceased male parent A14 (2n = 53) have already been published (Nagao et al, 2005). Based on the varying karyotype profiles (with diploid numbers 51, 52 and 53) in four of the monkeys in our study and the affiliated taxon data available for owl monkeys (Ford, 1994), these first-generation captive-bred females were confirmed as Aotus hybrids.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Sleep parameters in captive female owl monkey (<i>Aotus</i>) hybrids

Kantha,

Suzuki,

Hirai

et al. 2007

Neotrop. Primates

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Sleep parameters in captive female owl monkey (<i>Aotus</i>) hybrids

Kantha,

Suzuki,

Hirai

et al. 2007

Neotrop. Primates

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“…Recent work has shown that representative cetaceans are instead L-cone monochromats and retain a functional copy of LWS [21], [26]. Similarly, primates, rodents, pinnipeds, and bats that were previously hypothesized to be rod monochromats are now known to be L-cone monochromats with functional LWS or even cone dichromats with functional LWS and SWS1 [22], [58]–[61]. The present survey of cetacean opsins, which documents pseudogenization of both SWS1 and LWS in multiple cetacean lineages, vindicates McFarland's [20] hypothesis that some cetaceans are rod monochromats (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rod Monochromacy and the Coevolution of Cetacean Retinal Opsins

et al. 2013

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Cetaceans have a long history of commitment to a fully aquatic lifestyle that extends back to the Eocene. Extant species have evolved a spectacular array of adaptations in conjunction with their deployment into a diverse array of aquatic habitats. Sensory systems are among those that have experienced radical transformations in the evolutionary history of this clade. In the case of vision, previous studies have demonstrated important changes in the genes encoding rod opsin (RH1), short-wavelength sensitive opsin 1 (SWS1), and long-wavelength sensitive opsin (LWS) in selected cetaceans, but have not examined the full complement of opsin genes across the complete range of cetacean families. Here, we report protein-coding sequences for RH1 and both color opsin genes (SWS1, LWS) from representatives of all extant cetacean families. We examine competing hypotheses pertaining to the timing of blue shifts in RH1 relative to SWS1 inactivation in the early history of Cetacea, and we test the hypothesis that some cetaceans are rod monochomats. Molecular evolutionary analyses contradict the “coastal” hypothesis, wherein SWS1 was pseudogenized in the common ancestor of Cetacea, and instead suggest that RH1 was blue-shifted in the common ancestor of Cetacea before SWS1 was independently knocked out in baleen whales (Mysticeti) and in toothed whales (Odontoceti). Further, molecular evidence implies that LWS was inactivated convergently on at least five occasions in Cetacea: (1) Balaenidae (bowhead and right whales), (2) Balaenopteroidea (rorquals plus gray whale), (3) Mesoplodon bidens (Sowerby's beaked whale), (4) Physeter macrocephalus (giant sperm whale), and (5) Kogia breviceps (pygmy sperm whale). All of these cetaceans are known to dive to depths of at least 100 m where the underwater light field is dim and dominated by blue light. The knockout of both SWS1 and LWS in multiple cetacean lineages renders these taxa rod monochromats, a condition previously unknown among mammalian species.

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“…Both genes consist of six exons that encode a protein 364 amino acids long, which spans approximately 15 kb [1,33,34]. The first (most upstream) position in the gene array is typically occupied by the L opsin gene, followed by one or more M opsin genes downstream [35,36].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene conversion and purifying selection shape nucleotide variation in gibbon L/M opsin genes

et al. 2011

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BackgroundRoutine trichromatic color vision is a characteristic feature of catarrhines (humans, apes and Old World monkeys). This is enabled by L and M opsin genes arrayed on the X chromosome and an autosomal S opsin gene. In non-human catarrhines, genetic variation affecting the color vision phenotype is reported to be absent or rare in both L and M opsin genes, despite the suggestion that gene conversion has homogenized the two genes. However, nucleotide variation of both introns and exons among catarrhines has only been examined in detail for the L opsin gene of humans and chimpanzees. In the present study, we examined the nucleotide variation of gibbon (Catarrhini, Hylobatidae) L and M opsin genes. Specifically, we focused on the 3.6~3.9-kb region that encompasses the centrally located exon 3 through exon 5, which encode the amino acid sites functional for the spectral tuning of the genes.ResultsAmong 152 individuals representing three genera (Hylobates, Nomascus and Symphalangus), all had both L and M opsin genes and no L/M hybrid genes. Among 94 individuals subjected to the detailed DNA sequencing, the nucleotide divergence between L and M opsin genes in the exons was significantly higher than the divergence in introns in each species. The ratio of the inter-LM divergence to the intra-L/M polymorphism was significantly lower in the introns than that in synonymous sites. When we reconstructed the phylogenetic tree using the exon sequences, the L/M gene duplication was placed in the common ancestor of catarrhines, whereas when intron sequences were used, the gene duplications appeared multiple times in different species. Using the GENECONV program, we also detected that tracts of gene conversions between L and M opsin genes occurred mostly within the intron regions.ConclusionsThese results indicate the historical accumulation of gene conversions between L and M opsin genes in the introns in gibbons. Our study provides further support for the homogenizing role of gene conversion between the L and M opsin genes and for the purifying selection against such homogenization in the central exons to maintain the spectral difference between L and M opsins in non-human catarrhines.

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Coupling and decoupling of evolutionary mode between X- and Y-chromosomal red-green opsin genes in owl monkeys

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Sleep parameters in captive female owl monkey (<i>Aotus</i>) hybrids

Sleep parameters in captive female owl monkey (<i>Aotus</i>) hybrids

Rod Monochromacy and the Coevolution of Cetacean Retinal Opsins

Gene conversion and purifying selection shape nucleotide variation in gibbon L/M opsin genes

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