Coupling and binding-saturation effects inL-subshell ionization of heavy atoms by 0.3–1.3-MeV/amu Si ions

L-subshell ionization of heavy elements by S ions with energy of 0.4–3.8MeV/amu

“…In particular, the coupling effect improves drastically an agreement of the ionization cross sections at low energies for the L 2 -subshell of studied elements and results in better agreement with the ionization cross sections for the L 1 -and L 3 -subshells. Similar conclusions were obtained in our previous studies for the same atoms, and oxygen and silicon projectiles [3,4]. The measured Lsubshell ionization cross sections are also compared to the predictions of the SCA-CSM and ECUSAR-CSM theories in Fig.…”

“…They are caused mainly by about 5% uncertainty of the Si(Li) detector efficiency determination, the uncertainties of the fitted X-ray yields (3-5%) and the uncertainties of the target thickness determination using RBS method (3-4%). We point out that achieved relatively small uncertainties of determination of X-ray yields measured with rather low-resolution (170 eV) results from application of the developed fitting procedure [3,4], which reduces substantially a number of free fitting parameters on the energy scale by fitting directly only the ionization probabilities for the outer M-and N-shells. Finally, the measured X-ray production cross sections were converted to the L-subshell ionization cross sections using the atomic parameters modified by multiple ionization effect [3].…”

“…1). The measured X-ray spectra were analyzed using the developed fitting procedure [2][3][4], which allows adequate estimation of X-ray line intensities, energies and widths as well as the ionization probabilities for outer M-and N-shell from the X-ray spectra modified for the multiple ionization effects. In this way, seven dominant X-ray transitions have been resolved, namely L c5 , L c1 , L c2 , L c3 , L c6 , L c4 and L c4 0 .…”

“…The influence of the multiple ionization on the atomic parameters and the coupling effect for the L-subshell ionization cross sections is discussed. The procedure is identical to the methods developed in our previous papers on L-shell ionization induced by Oand Si-ions [2][3][4]. Existing experimental studies concerning the L-shell ionization generated by S ions in heavy elements are limited to the low energy measurement of Dhal et al [7] for gold, which reports about three times lower cross sections then ours.…”

“…As we showed previously [2][3][4], for atoms ionized by heavy projectiles the ionization probabilities (p M , p N , p O ) for the M-, N-shells and partly for O-shell [5], can be extracted from the measured L X-ray spectra, as they are strongly modified by the multiple ionization effects. The influence of the multiple ionization on the fluorescence (x i ) and Coster-Kronig (f ij ) yields has been discussed in terms of the statistical procedure of Larkins [6].…”