Coupled Thermal-Mechanical Progressive Damage Model with Strain and Heating Rate Effects for Lightning Strike Damage Assessment

Abstract

This paper proposes a progressive damage model incorporating strain and heating rate effects for the prediction of composite specimen damage resulting from simulated lightning strike test conditions. A mature and robust customised failure model has been developed. The method used a scaling factor approach and non-linear degradation models from published works to modify the material moduli, strength and stiffness properties to reflect the effects of combined strain and thermal loading. Hashin/Puck failure criteria was used prior to progressive damage modelling of the material. Each component of the method was benchmarked against appropriate literature. A three stage modelling framework was demonstrated where an initial plasma model predicts specimen surface loads (electrical, thermal, pressure); a coupled thermalelectric model predicts specimen temperature resulting from the electrical load; and a third, dynamic, coupled temperature-displacement, explicit model predicts the material state due to the thermal load, the resulting thermal-expansion and the lightning plasma applied pressure loading. Unprotected specimen damage results were presented for two SAE lightning test Waveforms (B & A); with the results illustrating how thermal and mechanical damage behaviour varied with waveform duration and peak current.

Modelling and analysis of simulated lightning strike tests: A review

“…Abdelal and Murphy [18] were the first authors to use temperature-dependent data, generated in the 1980's, in separate studies by Griffis et al [51] and Fanucci [52]. There have been very few updates to this data since these publications [20] and this same set of temperature dependent data has been used by a number of authors [18], [29], [35]- [38] while a further sub-set of researchers have used this data with minor adjustments to throughthickness electrical conductivity [12], [13], [15], [17], [26], [27].…”

“…Little data has been presented for interlaminar thermal and electrical conductivity and only a small number of authors have explicitly stated the inclusion of these properties in their simulations [12], [13], [17], [18], [26], [27]. These authors used values of 500 W/m 2o C and 1x10 5 1/Ω.mm for interlaminar thermal and electrical conductivity, respectively.…”

“…It is interesting to note that many lightning strike authors do not use or state their interlaminar properties [14], [24], [25], [29], [34], [38], [42]. However, some authors have provided data for room temperature conditions, shown in Table 5 [13], [15], [16], [21], [43], [44]. Wang [20] proposed that these properties should be determined from fracture experiments at different temperatures and also different pressures if appropriate, though no exemplar test arrangement was proposed.…”

Response of Organic Lime Mortars to Thermal and Electrical Shocks Due to Lightning Strikes

“…In view of the direct correlation between the electrical conductivity and the heating of structures [31,32], the analysis of thermal conductivity in construction materials presents interesting avenues for focused research related to the role of structural materials used in monuments. In respect to heritage structures, several research surveys and reports from the international agencies dealt with the thermal analysis of ancient buildings materials [33][34][35][36][37], with particular attention to lime mortars, which also evidence the role of reactive additives in modifying their thermal properties [34]. It is thus of interest to study the role of organics in modifying the electrical and thermal conductivity properties of building structures in view of obtaining a better understanding of their impact on building energy efficiency.…”

Understanding the Impact of Standardized SAE Waveform Parameter Variation on Artificial Lightning Plasma, Specimen Loading, and Composite Material Damage

“…Authors have also used FE modelling to predict the likely damaged composite specimen due to incident current, temperature or pressure loading [17], [18], [20], [22], [23], [25], [35]- [37]. However, recently measures have been taken to combine plasma modelling and specimen material damage predictions [21], [24], [35], due to the complexity and computational burden of the required models.…”