Coupled Production of Steel and Chemicals

Bender, Michael L.; Roussière, Thomas; Schelling, Heiner; Schuster, Sabine; Schwab, E.

doi:10.1002/cite.201800048

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…3. Methanation of specific amounts of the by-product gases in order to replace the natural gas demands of the plant This case investigates the possibility of valorizing the steelworks off-gases for the replacement of the internal steelworks needs of natural gas-assuming an overestimated case of approximately 50,000 Nm 3 /h internal natural gas demands for a 6 MT/year steel plant [12]. The remaining portion of the gases is combusted in the power plant.…”

Section: Case Studies Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methanol synthesis of 80% of the by-product gases and the rest goes to the power plant Similar with Case 2, 80% of the amounts of the gases are used for methanol production with the addition of renewable hydrogen, whereas the remaining portion is used in the power plant. This case investigates the possibility of valorizing the steelworks off-gases for the replacement of the internal steelworks needs of natural gas-assuming an overestimated case of approximately 50,000 Nm 3 /h internal natural gas demands for a 6 MT/year steel plant [12]. The remaining portion of the gases is combusted in the power plant.…”

Section: Case Studies Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the environmental perspective, target is to partially replace the fossil fuel demands of the steel plant and/or to generate revenue by utilizing a by-product stream. Methanol has already broad commercial uses, as chemical intermediate and fuel [11], whereas methane apart from its commercial value, can be used within the steel plant for power production and/or reused as reducing agent in the BF process [12]. The proposed strategy, however, has to surpass or match the benefits obtained through the conventional off-gases exploitation strategy (i.e., heating and power production) from an energetic, economic and environmental perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane

et al. 2021

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The steel industry is among the highest carbon-emitting industrial sectors. Since the steel production process is already exhaustively optimized, alternative routes are sought in order to increase carbon efficiency and reduce these emissions. During steel production, three main carbon-containing off-gases are generated: blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and basic oxygen furnace gas. In the present work, the addition of renewable hydrogen by electrolysis to those steelworks off-gases is studied for the production of methane and methanol. Different case scenarios are investigated using AspenPlusTM flowsheet simulations, which differ on the end-product, the feedstock flowrates and on the production of power. Each case study is evaluated in terms of hydrogen and electrolysis requirements, carbon conversion, hydrogen consumption, and product yields. The findings of this study showed that the electrolysis requirements surpass the energy content of the steelwork’s feedstock. However, for the methanol synthesis cases, substantial improvements can be achieved if recycling a significant amount of the residual hydrogen.

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Section: Case Studies Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Studies Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane

et al. 2021

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“…Blast furnace, smelt reduction or direct reduction are the three main processes in iron production [84]. The ore-based production is carried out mainly through blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) or direct reduced iron electric arc furnace [85]. The iron production via BF-BOF is represented in Fig.…”

Section: Iron and Steel Industry Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon capture for decarbonisation of energy-intensive industries: a comparative review of techno-economic feasibility of solid looping cycles

Santos

Hanak

2022

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

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Carbon capture and storage will play a crucial role in industrial decarbonisation. However, the current literature presents a large variability in the techno-economic feasibility of CO2 capture technologies. Consequently, reliable pathways for carbon capture deployment in energy-intensive industries are still missing. This work provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art CO2 capture technologies for decarbonisation of the iron and steel, cement, petroleum refining, and pulp and paper industries. Amine scrubbing was shown to be the least feasible option, resulting in the average avoided CO2 cost of between $$62.7\;\mathrm{C}\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle{{}^=}\,} \cdot {\rm{t}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ for the pulp and paper and $$104.6\;\mathrm{C}\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle{{}^=}\,} \cdot {\rm{t}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ for the iron and steel industry. Its average equivalent energy requirement varied between 2.7 (iron and steel) and $$5.1\;\;{\rm{M}}{{\rm{J}}_{{\rm{th}}}} \cdot {\rm{kg}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ (cement). Retrofits of emerging calcium looping were shown to improve the overall viability of CO2 capture for industrial decarbonisation. Calcium looping was shown to result in the average avoided CO2 cost of between 32.7 (iron and steel) and $$42.9\;\mathrm{C}\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle{{}^=}\,} \cdot {\rm{t}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ (cement). Its average equivalent energy requirement varied between 2.0 (iron and steel) and $$3.7\;\;{\rm{M}}{{\rm{J}}_{{\rm{th}}}} \cdot {\rm{kg}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ (pulp and paper). Such performance demonstrated the superiority of calcium looping for industrial decarbonisation. Further work should focus on standardising the techno-economic assessment of technologies for industrial decarbonisation.

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“…Before the methanation process, the enrichment step serves as a mixing/upgrading process before entering the power plant [29]. This case investigates the possibility of valorizing the steelworks off-gases for the replacement of the internal steelworks needs of natural gas by assuming an overestimated case of approximately 50,000 Nm 3 /h internal natural gas demands for a 6 MT/year steel plant [30].…”

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confidence: 99%

Economic Evaluation of Renewable Hydrogen Integration into Steelworks for the Production of Methanol and Methane

et al. 2022

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This work investigates the cost-efficient integration of renewable hydrogen into steelworks for the production of methane and methanol as an efficient way to decarbonize the steel industry. Three case studies that utilize a mixture of steelworks off-gases (blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, and basic oxygen furnace gas), which differ on the amount of used off-gases as well as on the end product (methane and/or methanol), are analyzed and evaluated in terms of their economic performance. The most influential cost factors are identified and sensitivity analyses are conducted for different operating and economic parameters. Renewable hydrogen produced by PEM electrolysis is the most expensive component in this scheme and responsible for over 80% of the total costs. Progress in the hydrogen economy (lower electrolyzer capital costs, improved electrolyzer efficiency, and lower electricity prices) is necessary to establish this technology in the future.

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Coupled Production of Steel and Chemicals

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane

Integration of Renewable Hydrogen Production in Steelworks Off-Gases for the Synthesis of Methanol and Methane

Carbon capture for decarbonisation of energy-intensive industries: a comparative review of techno-economic feasibility of solid looping cycles

Economic Evaluation of Renewable Hydrogen Integration into Steelworks for the Production of Methanol and Methane

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