We conduct a theoretical study of SU(N ) fermions confined by a one-dimensional harmonic potential. Firstly, we introduce a numerical approach for solving the trapped interacting few-body problem, by which one may obtain accurate energy spectra across the full range of interaction strengths. In the strong-coupling limit, we map the SU(N ) Hamiltonian to a spin-chain model. We then show that an existing, extremely accurate ansatz − derived for a Heisenberg SU(2) spin chain − is extendable to these N -component systems. Lastly, we consider balanced SU(N ) Fermi gases that have an equal number of particles in each spin state for N = 2, 3, 4. In the weak-and strong-coupling regimes, we find that the ground-state energies rapidly converge to their expected values in the thermodynamic limit with increasing atom number. This suggests that the many-body energetics of N -component fermions may be accurately inferred from the corresponding few-body systems of N distinguishable particles. arXiv:1707.07781v2 [cond-mat.quant-gas] 1 May 2018