Coupled North Atlantic slope water forcing on Gulf of Maine temperatures over the past millennium

Wanamaker, Alan D.; Kreutz, K. J.; Schöne, Bernd R.; Pettigrew, Neal R.; Borns, Harold W.; Introne, D.; Belknap, Daniel F.; Maasch, Kirk A.; Feindel, Scott

doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0344-8

Cited by 107 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Importantly, they link these phenomena to the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Gulf of Maine, and this conclusion is consistent with other studies that take a much broader view of the western North Atlantic (for example, Cleroux et al, 2012). Although the temperature series from their youngest bivalve is about the same duration as our result (Figure 8), the two data sets are not directly comparable because the Wanamaker et al (2007) series is annually resolved, colder than the open Gulf surface waters, and not likely to reflect only October SST. Nevertheless, each record captures ~2°C variability and the warming of recent decades.…”

Section: Estimation Of Sst From δ 18 O Of N Incomptasupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The closest and most detailed climate record comes from near the Maine coast, west of Jordan Basin (Wanamaker et al, 2007). That result is based on δ 18 O in three bivalves.…”

Section: Estimation Of Sst From δ 18 O Of N Incomptamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each records a temperature series of about century duration, and together they form a discontinuous history of 2°C cooling over the past 1000 years. Wanamaker et al (2007) interpret that history in terms of either cooling of the Labrador Current during the millennium, increased transport of that current, or reduced influence of warm slope waters. Importantly, they link these phenomena to the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Gulf of Maine, and this conclusion is consistent with other studies that take a much broader view of the western North Atlantic (for example, Cleroux et al, 2012).…”

Section: Estimation Of Sst From δ 18 O Of N Incomptamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment flux and recent paleoclimate in JordanBasin, Gulf of Maine

Keigwin

Pilskaln

2015

Continental Shelf Research

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We report planktonic foraminiferal fluxes (accumulation rates) and oxygen isotopes (δ 18 O) from a nine-month sediment trap deployment, and δ 18 O from three sediment cores in Jordan Basin, Gulf of Maine. The sediment trap was deployed at 150 m, about halfway to the basin floor, and samples were collected every three weeks between August 2010 and May 2011. The planktonic foraminiferal fauna in the trap is dominated by Neogloboquadrina incompta that reached a maximum flux in the second half of October. Oxygen isotope ratios on that species indicate that on average during the collecting period it lived in the surface mixed layer, when compared to predicted values based on data from a nearby hydrographic buoy from the same period. New large diameter piston cores from Jordan Basin are 25 and 28 m long. Marine hemipelagic sediments are 25 m thick, and the sharp contact with underlying red deglacial sediments is bracketed by two radiocarbon dates on bivalves that indicate ice-free conditions began 16,900 calibrated years ago. Radiocarbon dating of foraminifera indicates that the basin floor sediments (270-290 m) accumulated at >3 m/kyr during the Holocene, whereas rates were about one tenth that on the basin slope (230 m). In principle, Jordan Basin sediments have the potential to provide time series with interannual resolution. Our results indicate the Holocene is marked by ~2°C variability in SST, and the coldest events of the 20th century, during the mid 1960s and mid 1920s, appear to be recorded in the uppermost 50 cm of the seafloor.

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Section: Estimation Of Sst From δ 18 O Of N Incomptasupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The closest and most detailed climate record comes from near the Maine coast, west of Jordan Basin (Wanamaker et al, 2007). That result is based on δ 18 O in three bivalves.…”

Section: Estimation Of Sst From δ 18 O Of N Incomptamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Sst From δ 18 O Of N Incomptamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sediment flux and recent paleoclimate in JordanBasin, Gulf of Maine

Keigwin

Pilskaln

2015

Continental Shelf Research

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“…While many of these records show indications of notable climate shifts associated with the MCA, it became apparent that this period was characterized not by uniformly warmer temperatures, but rather by a range of temperature, hydroclimate and marine changes with distinct regional and seasonal expressions (Folland et al 1992;Hughes and Diaz 1994;Bradley 2000;Bradley et al 2003). The general idea of a tendency for stronger cool-season North Atlantic westerlies during the MCA, as occurs with a more positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), has persisted and been discussed as a possible driver to explain changes in diverse regional proxy records (e.g., Keigwin 1996;Proctor et al 2000;Mangini et al 2005;Lund et al 2006;Esper et al 2007;Sicre et al 2008a;Massé et al 2008;Wanamaker et al 2008;Trouet et al 2009). Similarly, evidence for cool-season aridity and related climate changes in the western US during medieval times is now available from a wide range of proxy and archeological records (e.g., Muhs 1985;Mehringer and Wigand 1990;Swetnam 1993;Stine 1994;Hughes and Funkhouser 1998;Kennett and Kennett 2000;Cook et al 2004;Jones and Schwaitalla 2008;see Woodhouse 2004; for reviews), indicating a northward shift in the boreal winter storm track across the eastern North Pacific and western North America and a contraction and/or westward shift in the Aleutian Low (Stine 1994;MacDonald and Case 2005;Seager et al 2007aSeager et al , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support for global climate reorganization during the “Medieval Climate Anomaly”

et al. 2010

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Widely distributed proxy records indicate that the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; *900-1350 AD) was characterized by coherent shifts in large-scale Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation patterns. Although cooler sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific can explain some aspects of medieval circulation changes, they are not sufficient to account for other notable features, including widespread aridity through the Eurasian sub-tropics, stronger winter westerlies across the North Atlantic and Western Europe, and shifts in monsoon rainfall patterns across Africa and South Asia. We present results from a full-physics coupled climate model showing that a slight warming of the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans relative to the other tropical ocean basins can induce a broad range of the medieval circulation and climate changes indicated by proxy data, including many of those not explained by a cooler tropical Pacific alone. Important aspects of the results resemble those from previous simulations examining the climatic response to the rapid Indian Ocean warming during the late twentieth century, and to results from climate warming simulations-especially in indicating an expansion of the Northern Hemisphere Hadley circulation. Notably, the pattern of tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) change responsible for producing the proxy-model similarity in our results agrees well with MCA-LIA SST differences obtained in a recent proxy-based climate field reconstruction. Though much remains unclear, our results indicate that the MCA was characterized by an enhanced zonal Indo-Pacific SST gradient with resulting changes in Northern Hemisphere tropical and extra-tropical circulation patterns and hydroclimate regimes, linkages that may explain the coherent regional climate shifts indicated by proxy records from across the planet. The findings provide new perspectives on the nature and possible causes of the MCA-a remarkable, yet incompletely understood episode of Late Holocene climatic change.

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“…More negative ΔR values indicate a dominant Atlantic water mass, while positive ΔR values indicate a dominant Arctic water mass (Eiríksson et al 2004). to tropical corals; this result illustrated important hydrographic differences controlling the rates at which atmospheric carbon is mixed into the oceans, and it also suggested a deepwater source for the waters of Georges Bank. Furthermore, annual growth records and geochemical information (δ 18 O) derived from the shells of A. islandica have been used to study past ocean conditions in the North Atlantic (Weidman et al 1994;Witbaard 1996;Witbaard et al 1997Witbaard et al , 2003Marsh et al 1999;Marchitto et al 2000;Schöne et al 2003Schöne et al , 2004Schöne et al , 2005aScourse et al 2006;Helama et al 2007;Wanamaker et al 2008). These shell-based records, like tree rings, offer a significant advantage of being absolutely dated (Thompson et al 1980;Jones 1980), and therefore enable the generation of ultrahigh-resolution paleoenvironmental records based on an absolute timescale (Marchitto et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very Long-Lived Mollusks Confirm 17th Century AD Tephra-Based Radiocarbon Reservoir Ages for North Icelandic Shelf Waters

et al. 2008

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ABSTRACT. Marine sediment records from the north Icelandic shelf, which rely on tephrochronological age models, reveal an average ΔR (regional deviation from the modeled global surface ocean reservoir age) of approximately 150 yr for the last millennium. These tephra-based age models have not hitherto been independently verified. Here, we provide data that corroborate ΔR values derived from these sediment archives. We sampled the youngest portion (ontogenetic age) of a bivalve shell, Arctica islandica (L.), for radiocarbon analysis, which was collected alive in 2006 from the north Icelandic shelf iñ 80 m water depth. Annual band counting from the sectioned shell revealed that this clam lived for more than 405 yr, making it the longest-lived mollusk and possibly the oldest non-colonial animal yet documented. The 14 C age derived from the umbo region of the shell is 951 ± 27 yr BP. Assuming that the bivalve settled onto the seabed at AD 1600, the corresponding local value of ΔR is found to be 237 ± 35 yr by comparison of the 14 C age with the Marine04 calibration curve (Hughen et al. 2004) at this time. Furthermore, we cross-matched a 287-yr-old, dead-collected, A. islandica shell from AD 1601 to 1656 from the same site with the live-caught individual. 14 C analysis from the ventral margin of this shell revealed a ΔR of 186 ± 50 yr at AD 1650. These values compare favorably with each other and with the tephra-based ΔR values during this period, illustrating that 14 C from A. islandica can effectively record 14 C reservoir changes in the shelf seas.

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Coupled North Atlantic slope water forcing on Gulf of Maine temperatures over the past millennium

Cited by 107 publications

References 45 publications

Sediment flux and recent paleoclimate in JordanBasin, Gulf of Maine

Sediment flux and recent paleoclimate in JordanBasin, Gulf of Maine

Support for global climate reorganization during the “Medieval Climate Anomaly”

Very Long-Lived Mollusks Confirm 17th Century AD Tephra-Based Radiocarbon Reservoir Ages for North Icelandic Shelf Waters

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