Coupled Hierarchical Transformer for Stance-Aware Rumor Verification in Social Media Conversations

Abstract

Lee Kuan Yew died already. www.pmo.gov.sg/lky. Source Post Query Is it true? Lee Kuan Yew Died? Can anyone confirm it? No, I don't believe it is true. R2: Reply Post R21: Reply Post Deny Support He died several days ago. They didn't announce until now. R1: Reply Post I also think so. He was on TV last week.

On Unifying Misinformation Detection

“…Note that we re-train the UNIFIEDM2 encoder to ensure that it has no knowledge of the left-out-event testset. Results in Table 5 show that our proposed method outperforms two recent SoTA models (Li et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2020) by an absolute 16.44% and 25.14% in accuracy. This indicates that unified misinformation representations are helpful in event generalizability as well.…”

“…Dataset We use the previously introduced RU-MOR dataset, which includes nine separate events, for this experiment. A group of works (Kochkina et al, 2018;Li et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2020) have used this dataset in a leave-one-event-out crossvalidation setup (eight events for training and one event for testing) to take event generalizability into consideration in their model evaluation. We conduct a supplementary experiment following this evaluation setup for the completeness of our analysis.…”

Early Rumor Detection Based on Deep Recurrent Q-Learning

“…Castillo et al [8] used machine learning algorithms based on feature engineering to classify rumors and extracted a large number of text features based on the characteristics of rumors, including text length and the number of likes. On the basis of this method, many scholars [9][10][11][12][13][14] began to try to use different machine learning algorithms and richer features to study rumor detection.…”

“…Li et al [16] added user characteristics and attention mechanism on this basis to improve the performance of the model. In addition, with the emergence of the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers) language model, the rumor detection methods based on BERT have been proposed, such as the model of Yu et al [14]. In addition, the rumor detection model based on the propagation tree has gradually attracted the attention of researchers.…”

“…In formula (14), f(Q, K i ) is a general linear transformation to calculate the similarity between Q and K. e weight a i that needs attention for each post is obtained through the sotfmax function, and the product of the weight and the vector V is expressed as the response information processed by attention. is pretrained RDM reads all the response information during the training process.…”