Coupled Gold Nanoparticles with Aptamers Colorimetry for Detection of Amoxicillin in Human Breast Milk Based on Image Preprocessing and BP-ANN

Abstract

Antibiotic residues in breast milk can have an impact on the intestinal flora and health of babies. Amoxicillin, as one of the most used antibiotics, affects the abundance of some intestinal bacteria. In this study, we developed a convenient and rapid process that used a combination of colorimetric methods and artificial intelligence image preprocessing, and back propagation-artificial neural network (BP-ANN) analysis to detect amoxicillin in breast milk. The colorimetric method derived from the reaction of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was coupled to aptamers (ssDNA) with different concentrations of amoxicillin to produce different color results. The color image was captured by a portable image acquisition device, and image preprocessing was implemented in three steps: segmentation, filtering, and cropping. We decided on a range of detection from 0 µM to 3.9 µM based on the physiological concentration of amoxicillin in breast milk and the detection effect. The segmentation and filtering steps were conducted by Hough circle detection and Gaussian filtering, respectively. The segmented results were analyzed by linear regression and BP-ANN, and good linear correlations between the colorimetric image value and concentration of target amoxicillin were obtained. The R2 and MSE of the training set were 0.9551 and 0.0696, respectively, and those of the test set were 0.9276 and 0.1142, respectively. In prepared breast milk sample detection, the recoveries were 111.00%, 98.00%, and 100.20%, and RSDs were 6.42%, 4.27%, and 1.11%. The result suggests that the colorimetric process combined with artificial intelligence image preprocessing and BP-ANN provides an accurate, rapid, and convenient way to achieve the detection of amoxicillin in breast milk.

Study on the Residence Time and Texture Prediction of Pea Protein Extrusion Based on Image Analysis

“…A Back Propagation (BP) neural network is an information processing system capable of handling complex issues, with prediction being one of its most crucial functions. It features a strong self-learning ability, robust adaptability, and extendability, and has been widely applied across various industries [9][10][11][12]. BP neural networks break the conventions of linear prediction, exhibiting robustness especially in the prediction of multi-input nonlinear systems and models [13].…”

Biosensors and Smart Analytical Systems in Food Quality and Safety: Status and Perspectives

“…Consequently, the proposed method offered a high-throughput, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional resource-intensive techniques. Breast milk was also analysed by Ziqian Ye and co-authors [ 10 ], in their case for the detection of traces of amoxicillin: antibiotic residues can have an impact on the intestinal flora and health of babies. In this case, however, spectroscopy was not employed: a system based on a combination of colorimetric methods and image pre-processing with artificial intelligence and back-propagation artificial neural networks (BP-ANN) was proposed.…”