Coupled Cycles of Dissolved Oxygen and Nitrous Oxide in Rivers along a Trophic Gradient in Southern Ontario, Canada

Rosamond, Madeline S.; Thuss, Simon J.; Schiff, Sherry L.; Elgood, Richard J.

doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0009

Cited by 52 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Our results suggest a mean error of ∼6%, but as high as 28%. Error associated with O 2 -based estimates of gas transfer is similar to tracer-based measurements, or higher [Rosamond et al, 2011]. Where we had multiple measurements of gas transfer at different stream discharges, we found relatively good agreement between measured and modeled gas transfer coefficient in the Black River (1-3% difference between measured and modeled) and Stouffville Creek (1-22%), but poorer results in Jackson Creek (13-44%), Mariposa Brook (30-41%), and Layton Creek (38-42%).…”

Section: Sources Of Errormentioning

confidence: 89%

Nitrogen enrichment and the emission of nitrous oxide from streams

Baulch¹,

Schiff²,

Maranger³

et al. 2011

Global Biogeochem. Cycles

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[1] Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a potent greenhouse gas produced during nitrogen cycling. Global nitrogen enrichment has resulted in increased atmospheric N 2 O concentrations due in large part to increased soil emissions. There is also a potentially important flux from streams, rivers and estuaries; although measurements of these emissions are sparse, and role of aquatic ecosystems in global N 2 O budgets remains highly uncertain. Using the longest-term measurements of N 2 O fluxes from streams to date, we found annual fluxes from 14 sites in five streams of south-central Ontario, Canada varied widely-from net uptake of 3.2 ± 0.2 (standard deviation) mmol N 2 O m −2 d −1 to net release of 776 ± 61 mmol N 2 O m −2 d −1 . N 2 O consumption was associated with very low nitrate concentrations (<2.7 mM). Mean annual (log-transformed) N 2 O emissions from our study streams (across sites and years) were positively related to nitrate concentrations (r 2 = 0.59).This nitrate-N 2 O relationship can be generalized across all 20 streams (in Canada, Japan, Mexico, and the midwestern United States) for which published data now exist and could provide a new basis for the IPCC to calculate agricultural emissions from streams. In addition to predicting annual emissions, we present the first measurements of N 2 O concentrations under ice in streams. Nitrate was a strong predictor of N 2 O % saturation during periods of ice cover (r 2 = 0.89), when gas exchange is negligible. Given the small surface area of streams within a catchment and the fact our measured areal fluxes are comparable to reported fluxes from agricultural soils, this suggests streams are a small regional N 2 O source.Citation: Baulch, H. M., S. L. Schiff, R. Maranger, and P. J. Dillon (2011), Nitrogen enrichment and the emission of nitrous oxide from streams, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 25, GB4013,

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Section: Sources Of Errormentioning

confidence: 89%

Nitrogen enrichment and the emission of nitrous oxide from streams

Baulch¹,

Schiff²,

Maranger³

et al. 2011

Global Biogeochem. Cycles

Self Cite

118

101

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show abstract

“…Rosamond et al (2012) reported that N 2 O was largely produced by denitrification in hypoxic or anoxic sediment in the Grand River where widespread hypoxia rather than increasing N exports may lead to increased N 2 O emission. In contrast to NO À 3 , several investigators have demonstrated a negative correlation between DO and dissolved N 2 O (Yoshinari, 1976;Zhan and Chen, 2006;Rosamond et al, 2011Rosamond et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen on emission of N 2 O from rivers in China

Wang

Chen

Yan

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sDemonstrate heterogeneous pattern of N 2 O concentration and emission in various rivers. N 2 O in urban river were significantly higher than those in agricultural runoff rivers. NO 3 -and DO explaining 47% variability in N 2 O production in runoff rivers.NH 4 þ and DO explaining 64% variability in N 2 O production in urban rivers. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tSix rivers from three watersheds in China were chosen to study the temporal and spatial variations in nitrous oxide (N 2 O) concentrations and emissions in order to examine the link between N 2 O production and dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrogen levels. These rivers can generally be divided into two types: runoff rivers with significant natural and agricultural runoff, and urban rivers with significant urban effluents. The results showed that N 2 O concentrations were 0.15e1.07 (mean 0.51) and 0.22e22.7 (mean 4.10) ug N L À1 in runoff rivers and an urban river, respectively. and DO explained 64% variability in N 2 O production. We suggest that the IPCC method to calculate N 2 O emission factors should be revised in view of the importance of these multiple factors.

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“…Uncertainty in the EF 5r can be attributed to a scarcity of studies (21,22), poorly constrained water-air gaseous exchange relationships (23,24), and high variability in river morphology (25,26). Further, the EF 5r assumes a linear relation between nitrate in water and N 2 O emissions (14), the validity of which is the subject of considerable debate (27)(28)(29)(30). Finally, N 2 O fluxes derived from simple gas exchange models have been shown to underestimate the flux if stream channel hydraulics (i.e., stream flow velocity) are ignored (31), highlighting that stream chemistry alone is not an accurate predictor of N 2 O fluxes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt scale with stream order

Turner

Griffis

Lee

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

154

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N 2 O is an important greenhouse gas and the primary stratospheric ozone depleting substance. Its deleterious effects on the environment have prompted appeals to regulate emissions from agriculture, which represents the primary anthropogenic source in the global N 2 O budget. Successful implementation of mitigation strategies requires robust bottom-up inventories that are based on emission factors (EFs), simulation models, or a combination of the two. Top-down emission estimates, based on tall-tower and aircraft observations, indicate that bottom-up inventories severely underestimate regional and continental scale N 2 O emissions, implying that EFs may be biased low. Here, we measured N 2 O emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt using a chamber-based approach and analyzed the data as a function of Strahler stream order (S). N 2 O fluxes from headwater streams often exceeded 29 nmol N 2 O-N m −2 ·s −1 and decreased exponentially as a function of S. This relation was used to scale up riverine emissions and to assess the differences between bottom-up and top-down emission inventories at the local to regional scale. We found that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indirect EF for rivers (EF 5r ) is underestimated up to ninefold in southern Minnesota, which translates to a total tier 1 agricultural underestimation of N 2 O emissions by 40%. We show that accounting for zero-order streams as potential N 2 O hotspots can more than double the agricultural budget. Applying the same analysis to the US Corn Belt demonstrates that the IPCC EF 5r underestimation explains the large differences observed between top-down and bottom-up emission estimates.aquatic nitrous oxide fluxes | IPCC emission factors | river emission hotspots | regional emission upscaling N 2 O is projected to remain the dominant stratospheric ozonedepleting substance of the 21st century (1) and is a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) that currently accounts for about 6% of the net radiative forcing associated with long-lived anthropogenic GHGs (2). The detrimental environmental impacts of N 2 O have stimulated appeals to regulate emissions from agricultural lands (1, 3), which account for nearly 80% of the global anthropogenic N 2 O budget (4, 5). The successful regulation and mitigation of N 2 O emissions requires a sound understanding of the direct and indirect emission processes and reduced uncertainty regarding the emission factors (EFs) (6).The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier 1 approach uses EFs to provide first-order approximations of annual N 2 O emissions based on mechanistic and empirical information that have been constrained by field studies. These EFs are widely used in bottom-up inventories such as the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) (7) and the Global Emissions Initiative (GEIA) (8). These inventories are essential tools for tracking country specific emission trends, assessing thresholds for international treaties, and evaluating the impacts of mitigation policies. Recent i...

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Coupled Cycles of Dissolved Oxygen and Nitrous Oxide in Rivers along a Trophic Gradient in Southern Ontario, Canada

Cited by 52 publications

References 58 publications

Nitrogen enrichment and the emission of nitrous oxide from streams

Nitrogen enrichment and the emission of nitrous oxide from streams

Effect of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen on emission of N 2 O from rivers in China

Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt scale with stream order

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