“…The application of bentonite to different types of soil is a regularly used way to achieve the hydraulic heating value required by international rules (k 110-9 m/s) [26][27][28]. Bentonite's high swelling-shrinkage capacity may cause increased desiccation cracks in clay liners [29][30][31]. More research is needed into the self-healing capability and hydraulic efficacy of bentonite-modified clay which possess impacts of crackings and leachate.…”