Coupled archaeological and ecological analyses reveal ancient cultivation and land use in Nuchatlaht (Nuu-chah-nulth) territories, Pacific Northwest

Armstrong, Chelsey Geralda; Earnshaw, Jacob; McAlvay, Alex C.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2022.105611

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For more than 12 000 years, human societies have been shaping and sustaining diverse landscapes and seascapes across Earth's ecosystems [8,[16][17][18]. In fact, the most biodiverse areas on the planet, often characterized as 'natural', 'intact' and 'wild', are those that have long histories of use and stewardship by Indigenous people [18][19][20]. This is in part because people have been performing vital ecological functions for millennia, transporting seeds and animals to ensure viable populations [21,22], applying controlled fire to promote biodiversity and landscape heterogeneity [23,24], and terracing and tilling sediment to boost plant and animal production [25], all amid major biophysical disturbances.…”

Section: Indigenous Values Governance Principles and Laws Of The Nort...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, people were actively cultivating, managing and caring for plants [28] and marine life [29,30]. For example, continued plant translocations and cultivation created biologically diverse and productive ancient forest gardens [20]. Similarly, the construction of intertidal rockwalled terraces created clam gardens known to double clam production [31].…”

Section: Indigenous Values Governance Principles and Laws Of The Nort...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disrupting and diversifying the values, voices and governance principles that shape biodiversity science and management

Salomon,

Okamoto,

Wilson

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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With climate, biodiversity and inequity crises squarely upon us, never has there been a more pressing time to rethink how we conceptualize, understand and manage our relationship with Earth's biodiversity. Here, we describe governance principles of 17 Indigenous Nations from the Northwest Coast of North America used to understand and steward relationships among all components of nature, including humans. We then chart the colonial origins of biodiversity science and use the complex case of sea otter recovery to illuminate how ancestral governance principles can be mobilized to characterize, manage and restore biodiversity in more inclusive, integrative and equitable ways. To enhance environmental sustainability, resilience and social justice amid today's crises, we need to broaden who benefits from and participates in the sciences of biodiversity by expanding the values and methodologies that shape such initiatives. In practice, biodiversity conservation and natural resource management need to shift from centralized, siloed approaches to those that can accommodate plurality in values, objectives, governance systems, legal traditions and ways of knowing. In doing so, developing solutions to our planetary crises becomes a shared responsibility. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions’.

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Section: Indigenous Values Governance Principles and Laws Of The Nort...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indigenous Values Governance Principles and Laws Of The Nort...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupting and diversifying the values, voices and governance principles that shape biodiversity science and management

Salomon,

Okamoto,

Wilson

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…A growing body of research demonstrates how peoples of the PNW cared for and managed their ancestral lands, cultivating diverse and highly localized plants and marine foods (43)(44)(45). Woolly dogs may have also been similarly localized and diverse.…”

Section: The Impact Of Colonialism On the Iconic Breed's Disappearancementioning

confidence: 99%

The history of Coast Salish “woolly dogs” revealed by ancient genomics and Indigenous Knowledge

Lin,

Hammond-Kaarremaa,

Liu

et al. 2023

Science

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Ancestral Coast Salish societies in the Pacific Northwest kept long-haired “woolly dogs” that were bred and cared for over millennia. However, the dog wool–weaving tradition declined during the 19th century, and the population was lost. In this study, we analyzed genomic and isotopic data from a preserved woolly dog pelt from “Mutton,” collected in 1859. Mutton is the only known example of an Indigenous North American dog with dominant precolonial ancestry postdating the onset of settler colonialism. We identified candidate genetic variants potentially linked with their distinct woolly phenotype. We integrated these data with interviews from Coast Salish Elders, Knowledge Keepers, and weavers about shared traditional knowledge and memories surrounding woolly dogs, their importance within Coast Salish societies, and how colonial policies led directly to their disappearance.

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“…Climate change models predict continued increases in temperature and shifts in drought characteristics (e.g., more frequent, or intense) during some seasons that are expected to negatively impact forest productivity and tree survival in many but not all forest biomes (Babst et al 2019, Hammond et al 2022). Tree mortality is an essential and natural component of forest ecosystems, but notable losses of forest cover have substantial implications for stand structure and composition (Anderegg et al 2012), climate regulation (Bonan 2008, Pan et al 2011), water cycles (Mikkelson et al 2013), and culture (Morris et al 2018, Armstrong et al 2022). For example, forests of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of western North American (including states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, USA and the province of British Columbia, Canada) play an outsized role in global climate regulation, because they sequester and store large quantities of carbon (Waring and Franklin 1979, Buotte et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canary in the Forest? – Tree mortality and canopy dieback of western redcedar linked to drier and warmer summer conditions

Andrus

Peach

Cinquini

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Tree mortality and partial canopy dieback are increasing in many forest ecosystems from unfavorable climate conditions. Examining how tree growth and mortality are affected by climate variability can help identify proximate causes of tree mortality and canopy dieback. We investigated anomalously high mortality rates and partial canopy dieback of western redcedar (Thuja plicata, WRC), a culturally, ecologically, and economically important species in the Pacific Northwest (USA), using tree-ring methods. We sampled trees in three tree status groups (no canopy dieback, partial canopy dieback, and trees that died (0-30 years ago)) from 11 sites in coastal (maritime climate) and interior (continental climate) populations of WRC trees. In our study, WRC tree mortality was portended by on average 4-5 years of declining radial growth. Warmer and drier climate conditions in May and June that extend the annual July-September dry season reduced radial growth in 9 of 11 sites (1975-2020). Defining drought events as warm, dry May-June climate, we found that WRC trees recovered radial growth to pre-drought rates within three years when post-drought climate conditions were average or cooler and wetter than average. However, radial growth recovery from drought was slower or absent when conditions were warmer and drier during the post-drought recovery period, which appeared to lead to the widespread mortality event across coastal populations. Annually resolved tree mortality in coastal populations predominately occurred in 2017-2018 (80% of sampled trees) and coincided with exceedingly hot temperatures and the longest regionally dry period for May to September (1970-2020). In interior populations, tree mortality was associated with warmer, drier conditions from August to September. Our findings forewarn that a warming climate and more frequent and severe seasonal droughts will likely increase the vulnerability of WRC to canopy dieback and mortality and possibly other drought-sensitive trees in one of the worlds largest carbon sinks.

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Coupled archaeological and ecological analyses reveal ancient cultivation and land use in Nuchatlaht (Nuu-chah-nulth) territories, Pacific Northwest

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Disrupting and diversifying the values, voices and governance principles that shape biodiversity science and management

Disrupting and diversifying the values, voices and governance principles that shape biodiversity science and management

The history of Coast Salish “woolly dogs” revealed by ancient genomics and Indigenous Knowledge

Canary in the Forest? – Tree mortality and canopy dieback of western redcedar linked to drier and warmer summer conditions

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