Coupled Aqua and Ridge Planets in the Community Earth System Model

High‐resolution climate models (∼28 km grid spacing) can permit realistic simulations of tropical cyclones (TCs), thus enabling their investigation in relation to the climate system. On the global scale, previous works have demonstrated that the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 5 presents a reasonable TC climatology under prescribed present‐day (1980–2005) forcing. However, for the Western North Pacific (WNP) region, known biases in simulated TC genesis frequency and location under‐represent the basin's dominant share in observations. This study addresses these model biases in WNP by evaluating WNP TCs in a decadal simulation, and exploring potential improvements through nudging experiments. Among the major environmental controls of TC genesis, the lack of mid‐level moisture is identified as the leading cause of the deficit in simulated WNP TC genesis over the Pacific Warm Pool. Subsequent seasonal experiments explore the effect of constraining the large‐scale environment on TC development by nudging WNP temperature field toward reanalysis at various strengths. Temperature nudging elicits a significant response in TC genesis and intensity development, as well as in moisture and convection over the Warm Pool. These responses are sensitive to the choice of nudging timescale. Overall, the nudging experiments demonstrate that improvements in the large‐scale environment can lead to improvements in simulated TCs, suggesting future model developments in relation to model physics. In this way, the potential improvements in model fidelity will contribute to the understanding of how the mean state of current or future climates may give rise to extremes such as TCs.

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Exploring Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity in the High‐Resolution Community Atmosphere Model

Xin

Reed

Callaghan

et al. 2021

Earth and Space Science

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The Dependence of Tropical Modes of Variability on Zonal Asymmetry

Xin

Reed

Wolfe

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Tropical modes of variability in Earth's climate system, such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have global relevance for climate prediction and projection over various timescales. Yet they remain challenging to represent in state-of-the-art climate models (e.g., Chen et al., 2017;Hung et al., 2013). Over time, model development has generally led to encouraging improvements in their representation (Ahn et al., 2020;G. Wang et al., 2015). However, the complexity of contemporary, full-fledged Earth system models often obscures the sources of improvement (or lack thereof) regarding various aspects or processes (see, e.g., discussion in Bayr et al., 2019;Klingaman & Demott, 2020;Planton et al., 2021). Studying these modes of variability in an idealized framework can facilitate the understanding of their behavior in more complex models. For example, idealized models have been used to study the role of the Pacific mean state-including the zonal gradients in the atmosphere and the ocean-in setting the dynamics of both MJO (e.g.,

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Coupled Aqua and Ridge Planets in the Community Earth System Model

Cited by 2 publications

References 96 publications

Exploring Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity in the High‐Resolution Community Atmosphere Model

Exploring Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity in the High‐Resolution Community Atmosphere Model

The Dependence of Tropical Modes of Variability on Zonal Asymmetry

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