Country-Level Variations in Overweight and Obesity among Reproductive-Aged Women in Sub-Saharan Countries

Owobi, Olah Uloko; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Ekholuenetale, Michael

doi:10.3390/women2040029

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 40 publications

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“…As per our study, compared to NFHS4, the percentage of overweight women is increasing at the country level. Similar observations were seen in analyses conducted in Tanzania [19], Kenya [20], and Sub-Saharan African countries like Eswatini, Mauritania, South Africa, Gabon, Lesotho, and Ghana [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Association of Overweight and Central Obesity in Women of Reproductive Age and Overweight Children below Five Years of Age

Sarkar,

Sarkar

2024

Preprint

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Introduction: Childhood obesity is becoming an emerging public health issue as it is associated with increased morbidity and premature deaths. Determinants like the child’s household characteristics, maternal weight before the preconception stage, and maternal weight in childhood are studied. There is no study available to understand the association between overweight women of reproductive age and overweight children under five years of age. Studying these determinants to understand the problem can help in framing policies to intervene in the issue. Methods: The data for the study was collected from the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS5). It has been sub-grouped into urban and rural categories. The percentage of women with high-risk Waist-Hip-Ratio (WHR) and the percentage of overweight women were independent variables whereas the percentage of overweight under-five children was dependent. Simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis were done for the collected data. Results: Study shows the percentage of overweight women has increased by 4.1%, and the percentage of overweight children has increased by 2% during the NFHS5 (2019-21) compared to NFHS4 (2015-16). Pearson correlation coefficient (R) is 0.5662 and Ꞵ-coefficient for multiple linear regression is 0.1397 for central obesity in women (%) and percentage of overweight children. Conclusion: Central obesity in women is more common than the overweight. Overweight in women as well as in children under five is increasing. Central obesity in women shows a moderate positive relation with overweight in children under five years.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Association of Overweight and Central Obesity in Women of Reproductive Age and Overweight Children below Five Years of Age

Sarkar,

Sarkar

2024

Preprint

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Shared correlates of maternal and childhood overweight in Cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis of demographic and health survey data

Tatah

Bain

Kongnyuy³

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Overweight parents are likelier to bear overweight babies, who are likelier to grow into overweight adults. Understanding the shared risks of being overweight between the mother-child dyad is essential for targeted life course interventions. In this study, we aimed to identify such risk factors in Cameroon. Methods We conducted secondary data analysis using Cameroon’s 2018 Demographic and Health Surveys. We used weighted multilevel binary logistic regressions to examine individual, household, and community correlates of maternal (15–49 years) and child (under five years) overweight. Results We retained 4511 complete records for childhood and 4644 for maternal analysis. We found that 37% [95%CI:36–38%] of mothers and 12% [95%CI:11–13%] of children were overweight or obese. Many environmental and sociodemographic factors were positively associated with maternal overweight, namely urban residence, wealthier households, higher education, parity and being a Christian. Childhood overweight was positively associated with a child being older and a mother being overweight, a worker, or a Christian. Therefore, only religion affected both mothers overweight (aOR: 0.71[95%CI:0.56–0.91]) and childhood overweight (aOR 0.67[95%CI: 0.5–0.91]). Most of the potentially shared factors only indirectly affected childhood overweight through maternal overweight. Conclusion Besides religion, which affects both mothers and childhood overweight (with the Muslim faith being protective), much of childhood overweight is not directly explained by many of the observed determinants of maternal overweight. These determinants are likely to influence childhood overweight indirectly through maternal overweight. Extending this analysis to include unobserved correlates such as physical activity, dietary, and genetic characteristics would produce a more comprehensive picture of shared mother-child overweight correlates.

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Obesity among non-pregnant women in the 36 States and federal capital territory of Nigeria; sub-national variation of a national epidemic

Adeomi,

Akanji,

Okeyode

2023

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Background: Obesity has been viewed as a pandemic, with women of reproductive age disproportionately affected compared to men. While studies have reported National prevalence rates in Nigeria, data on the sub-national variation is scarce. This is important because majority of policies/interventions in Nigeria, are developed/implemented at the sub-national level. This study therefore aimed to investigate the sub-national distribution and variation of obesity among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Methodology: This was a community-based cross-sectional study, which used secondary data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2018. A total of 13,180 non-pregnant women of reproductive age (15 – 49 years) were selected from the 36 states and federal capital territory using a two-stage cluster sampling technique. Obesity was determined using the World Health Organization reference values for adolescents (less than 20 years) and others that were older. Sub-national variation was determined with binary logistic regression analysis using unadjusted and adjusted rates, and adjustment was made for individual, household and community level factors. Results: The mean age of respondents was 29.5 ± 9.7 years and there was mostly an even distribution of respondents across the States. The National prevalence of obesity among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in this study was 28.5%. Anambra (54.6%) and Sokoto (6.9%) States had the highest and lowest prevalence rates respectively, with a range of 47.7%. The burden of obesity was higher among the southern states, compared to the northern states generally. After adjusting for all the commonly reported risk factors, about two-thirds of the states (24) still had a statistically significant variation in the prevalence of obesity, such that Akwa Ibom (OR: 4.5; p<0.001; 95% CI: 2.2, 9.0) and Anambra States (OR: 4.4; p<0.001; 95% CI: 2.2, 8,7) had nearly 5 times higher odds of obesity compared to the reference State (Sokoto). Conclusion: Sub-national variations exist in the prevalence of obesity among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Nigeria, even after adjusting for commonly reported predictors. There is therefore a need to identify state-level determinants of obesity, with a view to designing state-specific interventions to curb obesity among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.

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Country-Level Variations in Overweight and Obesity among Reproductive-Aged Women in Sub-Saharan Countries

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Association of Overweight and Central Obesity in Women of Reproductive Age and Overweight Children below Five Years of Age

Association of Overweight and Central Obesity in Women of Reproductive Age and Overweight Children below Five Years of Age

Shared correlates of maternal and childhood overweight in Cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis of demographic and health survey data

Obesity among non-pregnant women in the 36 States and federal capital territory of Nigeria; sub-national variation of a national epidemic

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