Country and Gender Differences in DevelopmentalAssets Among Youth and Emerging Adults in Ghana and Norway

Wiium, Nora; Kozina, Ana

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70262-5_17

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The higher perception of family assets among girls may be related to the clear expectations about women as caretakers in the family, which may provide girls with higher participation and connection to their family ( Martsenyuk, 2015 ; Miconi et al, 2021a ). Similarly, higher social competencies and positive values have been previously found among girls compared to boys, in line with prior studies reporting more prosocial assets in girls compared to boys across countries ( Gomez-Baya et al, 2021 ; Wiium and Kozina, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This is surprising in light of the 50% school drop-out rate that has been reported among Roma communities in Albania ( Home Office, 2017 ; Psacharopoulos, 2017 ). The exclusion of youth who dropped out of school can be attributed to the fact that most studies including Roma youth were school-based ( Miconi et al, 2021a ; Wiium and Kozina, 2021 ). This, however, represents an important limitation and bias of existing research, as very little is known about the risk behaviors and assets of the large number of youths who are not enrolled in school anymore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of prior research on gender differences in mental health we would expect boys to report more risk behaviors and higher well-being than girls, and adolescents who dropped out of school to report fewer assets, more risk behaviors and lower well-being than their peers enrolled in school. We expected available assets to be positively associated with well-being and negatively associated with risk behaviors similarly across groups ( Scales et al, 2017 ; Vazsonyi et al, 2020 ; Wiium and Kozina, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk behaviors and well-being among Egyptian and Roma adolescents in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vulnerability and resilience in a positive youth development perspective

Miconi,

Ouimet,

Kafi

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionEgyptian and Roma communities represent two of the most deprived and stigmatized ethnic minorities in Albania. However, research investigating vulnerability and well-being in youth from these communities is scant. Even less is known among Egyptian and Roma adolescents who dropped-out of school. Within a Positive Youth Development framework, we investigated among Egyptian and Roma adolescents: (1) risk behaviors, well-being, and developmental assets (personal and contextual); (2) associations of developmental assets with risk behaviors and well-being; (3) specificities by ethnicity, gender, and education.MethodsA total of 201 Egyptian and Roma adolescents (Mage = 16.63, SDage = 1.80; 47% girls; 53% school dropouts) completed a series of questionnaires in a community setting in August 2020 (first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic).ResultsBinomial, Poisson and linear regression models indicated that Egyptian and Roma adolescents reported similar and high levels of risk behaviors, with boys reporting overall more risk behaviors than girls. Low level of well-being and of personal and contextual assets were reported. Girls reported higher family assets, positive values and social competencies than boys. The situation of adolescents attending school was overall not better than that of youth who had dropped out. Higher positive identity was associated with higher well-being.DiscussionIntervention and prevention efforts are urgently needed to support minority adolescents’ development during and in the aftermath of the pandemic. They should address the structural factors which limit the availability of personal and contextual resources in minority youth’s lives. Interventions aimed at building safer neighborhoods and providing safe access to schools for minority youth should be a priority and are essential to prevent the widening of inequalities during and after this health emergency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk behaviors and well-being among Egyptian and Roma adolescents in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vulnerability and resilience in a positive youth development perspective

Miconi,

Ouimet,

Kafi

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…• Frequency Distribution [34] is the initial facet of our descriptive analysis. This involves organizing the data systematically into categories, rendering it comprehensible and facilitating insights into the distribution of HDI and per capita expenditure across different genders.…”

Section: Descriptive Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender inequality in HDI and per capita expenditure: A probabilistic distribution and spatial data analysis

Fadilah,

Purwaningsih,

Inderanata

et al. 2022

SITech

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Men and women have different habits or lifestyles, which inevitably leads to variances in other areas. As a result, gender statistics emerged. In this example, researchers seek to discover if there are discrepancies in HDI and per capita expenditure in Indonesia between men and women. To determine this, data from reliable sources is required; thus, researchers use data from the official BPS website, bps.go.id. The data comes from many tables, so the researcher will join them so that they may be studied. The data used in this scenario are HDI data by gender in 2020 and Per Capita Expenditure data by gender in 2020. Researchers employed graphical tools, such as boxplots and thematic charts, to examine whether there are differences in HDI and per capita expenditure between men and women in Indonesia. Aside from that, researchers used the two-sample t-test approach to see if there were variations in HDI and per capita expenditure between men and women. Researchers will utilize Python software to run this hypothesis test. According to the findings of the investigation, there is still gender imbalance in Indonesia in terms of HDI and per capita expenditure. As a result, it is intended that this research can be utilized as a reference in analyzing existing policies to ensure that there is no gender discrepancy in terms of HDI and per capita expenditure between men and women. It is also envisaged that this research would be beneficial to many people.

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“…In Latin America and Asia, where family values are emphasized, research has demonstrated significant associations between high levels of connectedness and elevated self‐concept (Dutra‐Thomé et al., 2019). Notably, constructive use of OST was the least commonly experienced external asset reported by youth in LMICs, signaling a need for further research (Fernandes et al., 2021; Scales et al., 2017; Wiium & Kozina, 2021). Overall, these findings underscore the need for country‐specific research that incorporates the voices of youth to help shed light on day‐to‐day experiences that influence development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out‐of‐school time use in Pakistan: A qualitative study featuring youth's voices

Kerai,

Ibrahim,

Molyneux

et al. 2024

J of Research on Adolesc

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The current study addresses the lack of out‐of‐school time (OST) research in low‐ and middle‐income countries by exploring OST use in the context of Pakistan and incorporating youth's voices. Using a qualitative descriptive design with focus‐group discussions, we conducted a study in three middle schools set in low‐ to middle‐income neighborhoods in urban and rural areas of Karachi, Pakistan. We engaged 86 youth (50% girls; aged 10–15 years) that were purposefully selected from grade six (31.4%), seven (44.2%) and eight (24.4%) classrooms, balancing gender and locality. In each focus group, we asked participants to describe their afterschool activity routine on a typical weekday afternoon until bedtime. Digital recordings of discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis. Based on sixteen focus groups with five to six participants in each group, we identified eight distinct categories: religious activities, schoolwork, screentime, helping adult family members, family time, outdoor play, indoor leisure activities, and hanging out with friends. We found that structured activities (e.g., religious activities and schoolwork supervised by an adult) were reported more frequently than unstructured activities (e.g., outdoor play and family time). Participation in activities varied by gender and location (i.e., urban vs. rural), highlighting disparities associated with the sociocultural context that marginalized youth face. Our findings provide a glimpse into the everyday lives of Pakistani youth outside of school. Additionally, they elucidate how economic resources, sociocultural norms regarding gender, and community safety shape youth's time use and socialization patterns. Findings from this study can inform the development of OST activities and initiatives aimed at promoting the positive development of Pakistani youth.

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Country and Gender Differences in DevelopmentalAssets Among Youth and Emerging Adults in Ghana and Norway

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Risk behaviors and well-being among Egyptian and Roma adolescents in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vulnerability and resilience in a positive youth development perspective

Risk behaviors and well-being among Egyptian and Roma adolescents in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vulnerability and resilience in a positive youth development perspective

Gender inequality in HDI and per capita expenditure: A probabilistic distribution and spatial data analysis

Out‐of‐school time use in Pakistan: A qualitative study featuring youth's voices

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