Counting the Game: Visualizing Changes in Play by Incorporating Game Events

A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research on Epistemic Network Analysis in Education

“…Most studies included a small sample size of less than 100 (n=62, 81.6%), 11 studies (14.5%) had 100-900 participants, and two studies (2.6%) had more than 1000 participants [23], [44]. Only one study did not report its study sample size [45]…”

“…Coding of data extracted from online log data was used in eight articles (10.5%) in the form of game-logged data [45], [89]- [92], students' actions in LMS log files [24], [93] and teacher's online logs [94].…”

“…Temporal progress was compared in 19 studies (25%), for example, to identify progress throughout the course [13], [79], [84], [90]- [92], students' epistemic frames after course completion [14], [20], [21], [64], [81], [87] and students' progress throughout different game levels [26], [45], [71], [89].…”

“…The deductive coding was used in 32 (42.1%) articles with a top-down approach based on codes derived from previous research. Another 25 (32.9%) articles used inductive coding in a bottom-up approach that was generated from the data with no predefined coding framework using, for example, the grounded theory approach [21], [25], [45], [49], [51], [54], [60], [61], [64], [68], [69], [101], [102]. The third type of coding, which was reported in 19 articles (25%), used a combination of coding methods.…”

Approaching Structured Debate with Quantitative Ethnography in Mind

“…Such networks can be employed to compare discourse visually and statistically from individuals or groups [20]. This method has been used, for example, to analyze the development of learners' epistemic frames during play [21] and measure the co-occurrence of concepts within the conversations, topics, or activities that take place during learning [20], yet it has not been employed for SD. ENA offers insight into how codes interact in a single claim or a group of claims to produce meaning; code co-occurrences can be aggregated to scrutinize patterns in claim content or debate structure.…”