Counting of oscillatory modes of valence quarks forming qqq baryons for three quark flavors u, d, s

Abstract

We present the unique properties of oscillatory modes of [Formula: see text] light quarks — [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] — using the [Formula: see text] broken symmetry classification. [Formula: see text] stands for the space rotation group generated by the sum of the three individual angular momenta of quarks in their c.m. system. The baryonic multiplets are shown to emerge from the picture of oscillating quarks in three space dimensions in the center-of-mass system of the baryons. All oscillatory modes are fully relativistic with a finite number of oscillators and this is forming the unique harmonic oscillator with these properties. The density of states as a function of mass-square is calculated. This estimate is of relevance for the accounting of the missing states of unobserved hadrons, as the here estimated baryonic multiplets include both the observed and the unobserved (or “missing”) hadrons. The estimate is conceptually different from Hagedorn’s model and is based on field theory of QCD.

On separate chemical freeze-outs of hadrons and light (anti)nuclei in high energy nuclear collisions

“…Note that these difference of temperatures is very similar to our findings for the Model II. Furthermore, in [33] it is discussed also the possibility that the hadron mass spectrum (including the experimentally missing states) may not be exponential.…”