Counting for EU enlargement?

Hoh, Anna-Lena

doi:10.26481/dis.20180926ah

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…This census is important, because it included data about ethnicity, language, and religion, collected in an area torn apart by civil war in the 1990s. The interest in and for such data is in part because minorities pursue certain civil rights on the basis of these data (Hoh 2017(Hoh , 2018.…”

Section: Historical Background To the Conflict In Bosnia-herzegovina ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The High Representative in Bosnia‐herzegovina

Dijkstra

Raadschelders

2022

World Affairs

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How difficult it is to introduce democratic institutional arrangements in a territory that had mainly experience with authoritarian government is illustrated by the case of Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH). The Dayton Peace Accord of 1995 established the (Office of the) High Representative (OHR) to help the new republic of BH develop into a democracy. After more than 25 years, one cannot but conclude that the creation of democratic institutions has not worked for lack of collaboration between the three most important ethnic groups. At best, BH is a controlled democracy, held together by OHR. The development of this office is analyzed in terms of a neo-institutional framework. We argue that the republic survives so far on the basis of negative legitimacy (accepting the OHR as the binding institutional arrangement). This also suggests that neither developments in a past long gone nor more recent developments (i.e., ‘strong’ path-dependency) prohibit a development toward positive legitimacy (i.e., ‘lean’ path-dependency). The case of BH also illustrates that democracy is hard, if not impossible, to establish when people are internally divided and where (some) domestic and international actors exploit these divisions in the international arena.

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Section: Historical Background To the Conflict In Bosnia-herzegovina ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The High Representative in Bosnia‐herzegovina

Dijkstra

Raadschelders

2022

World Affairs

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“…2 It would reveal the extent to which the return policy had failed and/or had been unsustainable (Black & Gent 2004;Perry 2015;Žíla 2016). Although the official results of the 2013 census have been recently disputed as distorted (Hoh 2018;Josipovič 2016;Nikolić 2016;Savić & Ignjić 2017), its findings, in general, affirm the different ethno-demographic composition of BiH caused by ethnic cleansing campaigns and the lower number of real minority returnees in the peacetime period (BHAS 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

After coming home: Forms and meanings of return in Dayton’s Bosnia and Herzegovina

Žíla¹

2019

Glas Etnogr inst

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The Dayton Agreement was meant to end the war, restore the Bosnian state to its prewar multiethnic composition, and facilitate rebuilding coexistence among its constituent nations. The peace treaty stipulated that people who were forced to leave their homes had a right to return home freely. To do so, the most important provisions were contained in Annex 7, which focused on arranging the return of refugees and IDPs. Minority returns became a special tool for measuring success in the peacebuilding process. Since repatriation did not happen in the way the international community anticipated, the fulfillment of Annex 7 became a political priority. Since 1999, international agencies (OHR, UNHCR, and others) have set the return of minorities at the top of their agenda. Although the repatriation process has not officially been concluded, the number of returnees were low after 2006. It is no longer much of a priority for anybody except verbally for political purposes. This study addresses the question of under what circumstances we can talk about a minority return being "successful". Given the complexities of the repatriation process, its dynamics, and the fact that no return could actually end at the moment of formal inhabitation at the prewar address, this article proposes that categories for minority repatriation should not be considered through the binary of "successful" and "unsuccessful" but along a continuum running from "complete" to "incomplete" types of sustainable return and to specific forms of unsustainable ("unsuccessful") return. Based on results obtained from field research in select Bosnian localities between 2010 and 2018, I argue that the term "return" has several facets which impact its sustainability and character.

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Counting for EU enlargement?

Cited by 2 publications

References 96 publications

The High Representative in Bosnia‐herzegovina

The High Representative in Bosnia‐herzegovina

After coming home: Forms and meanings of return in Dayton’s Bosnia and Herzegovina

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