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A "stopping rule" in a sequential experiment is a rule or procedure for determining when the experiment should end. 1 For example, consider a pair of experiments designed to obtain evidence about the proportion of fruit flies in a given population with red eyes [Savage, 1962, pp. 17-8]. In both experiments, flies are caught, observed, and released sequentially and fairly, reporting in the end the number of red-eyed flies. In the first, the experiment is designed to stop after observing 100 flies, while the second is designed to stop after observing 6 red-eyed flies. In general the data from these experiments could be very different, but it is also possible that they be the same: in this case, 100 total flies would be observed in both experiments, of which 6 (including the last) would have red eyes. Is the evidence that each of the two would then provide for or against an hypothesis about the proportion of red-eyed flies the same?The stopping rule principle (SRP) states that this is so:Stopping Rule Principle: The evidential relationship between the data from a completed sequential experiment and a statistical hypothesis does not ever depend on the experiment's stopping rule. 2
A "stopping rule" in a sequential experiment is a rule or procedure for determining when the experiment should end. 1 For example, consider a pair of experiments designed to obtain evidence about the proportion of fruit flies in a given population with red eyes [Savage, 1962, pp. 17-8]. In both experiments, flies are caught, observed, and released sequentially and fairly, reporting in the end the number of red-eyed flies. In the first, the experiment is designed to stop after observing 100 flies, while the second is designed to stop after observing 6 red-eyed flies. In general the data from these experiments could be very different, but it is also possible that they be the same: in this case, 100 total flies would be observed in both experiments, of which 6 (including the last) would have red eyes. Is the evidence that each of the two would then provide for or against an hypothesis about the proportion of red-eyed flies the same?The stopping rule principle (SRP) states that this is so:Stopping Rule Principle: The evidential relationship between the data from a completed sequential experiment and a statistical hypothesis does not ever depend on the experiment's stopping rule. 2
Artworks have authors. According to Christy Mag Uidhir, this simple assumption has significant consequences for the ontology of artworks. One such consequence is that artworks cannot be identified with abstract entities: if there are works of art, they are concrete entities. Therefore, one cannot create an abstract work of art. Mag Uidhir presents a novel challenge against abstract creationism, the view that certain kinds of art objects are abstract artifacts. This article has two aims. First, it provides a defense of abstract creationism against Mag Uidhir’s arguments. Second, it argues that creation, even in the case of concrete artifacts, is never purely causal: to create an artifact is to bring about the conditions on which the created object ontologically depends. I conclude that a properly developed account of creation provides a better understanding of the question of how one comes to create an artifact, be it abstract or concrete.
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