Counting Animals in War

Milburn, Josh; Goozen, Sara Van

doi:10.5840/soctheorpract2020123110

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…89 When combatants harm animals, it's typically incidental or accidental harm. 90 Companion animals and animals living in zoos may suffer if attacks kill their caretakers, as noted in the Ukrainian context above. Wildlife are impacted by mines, bombs, and chemicals, as were Rwanda's gorillas and Angola's elephants during (and after) these countries' civil wars; by the use of environmental destruction as a war tactic, as were the animals living in areas defoliated by American forces in Vietnam; or because their territories are used as a staging ground.…”

Section: Harm To Animalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The neglect of animals in the ethics of war isn't only a matter of JWT's anthropocentrism. Despite some calling for 'a just war theory for animals' 28 or 'an animal-inclusive just-war theory', 29 animal ethicists have, on the whole, offered few reflections on war. Anecdotally, we've encountered reluctance to address warfare among animal ethicists because of nervousness about endorsing violence for animals' sake -one philosopher writing about the violent defence of animals chose to publish pseudonymously in the Journal of Controversial Ideas.…”

Section: Including Animals In Jwtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, we elsewhere argue that counting animals in war doesn't prohibit fighting justly -it just changes what fighting justly looks like. 99 First, counting animals in war means changing officer training and the experts consulted in planning military activity. 100 For example, fighting justly already requires militaries to understand the cultural intricacies of human communities with which they interact.…”

Section: Harm To Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…99 First, counting animals in war means changing officer training and the experts consulted in planning military activity. 100 For example, fighting justly already requires militaries to understand the cultural intricacies of human communities with which they interact. Perhaps, too, they should consult relevant experts to understand the animals impacted.…”

Section: Harm To Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animals and the ethics of war: a call for an inclusive just-war theory

Milburn,

Van Goozen

2023

International Relations

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Animals have been almost entirely absent from scholarly appraisals of the ethics of war. Just-war theory concerns when communities may permissibly resort to war; who may wage war; who they may harm in war; and what kinds of harm they may cause. Each question can be complicated by animals’ inclusion. After introducing just-war theory and the argument for an animal-inclusive just-war theory, this paper reviews ethical appraisals of war on animals’ behalf and wars against animals. It then turns to consider harm to and use of animals in war. It concludes by considering questions in the ethics of war beyond just-war theory as traditionally construed.

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Section: Harm To Animalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Including Animals In Jwtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Harm To Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Harm To Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animals and the ethics of war: a call for an inclusive just-war theory

Milburn,

Van Goozen

2023

International Relations

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“…Kriteria perang yang adil dapat ditentukan apabila, misalnya 1) adanya upaya yang dibenarkan, 2) orang yang boleh dan secara sah berperang, dan 3) siapa saja yang mungkin dirugikan dan seberapa besar kerugian yang mungkin disebabkan secara sengaja ataupun tidak. 41 Upaya yang dilakukan juga untuk menilai apakah nyatanya pada ruang lingkup negara sebagai hukum nasional yang berlaku; padahal sebenarnya tiap negara memiliki maksud, tujuan dan tindakan yang berbeda serta tidak jarang ketentuan tersebut saling tumpang tindih satu sama lain. 42 Aturan hukum secara spesifik yang bersifat internasional diharapkan dapat secara langsung mengerucut pada pembahasan hewan di medan perang mengingat tidak semua negara telah memiliki regulasi nasional tentang kesejahteraan hewan, dan di sisi lain, perang merupakan persoalan yang kerap diperdebatkan dalam hukum internasional.…”

Section: Meninjau Ulang Pengaturan Penggunaan Hewan Dalam Perangunclassified

Penggunaan Hewan dalam Konflik Bersenjata: Kajian Hukum Humaniter Internasional

Putra

Trisnawati

Kusniati

et al. 2022

UJH

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This article discusses the importance of regulating the use of animals in armed conflict considering the uncontrolled use of animals can threaten the lives of humans and animals themselves by determining certain limits that are allowed in war. The use of animals in war demonstrates human limitations and human dependence on other species. International humanitarian law focuses solely on the protection of humans and ignores the issue of how animals join the army in war and can be targeted by the military. In fact, animals are additional actors who contribute to the disputes of mankind today. Although military technology continues to develop with sophisticated equipment, it is undeniable that some of these special abilities can only be possessed by certain species. In essence, humanitarian law regulates two main points, namely regarding the means and methods of warfare (means and methods of warfare). Therefore, the interest of animals to be free from pain and suffering must be recognized as a value in the legal system, where there is a need for consideration of animal welfare and relevant interpretations to develop norms in other ways that refer to situations where suffering is a legal form of animal exploitation. Abstrak Artikel ini membahas mengenai pentingnya pengaturan penggunaan hewan dalam konflik bersenjata mengingat penggunaan hewan yang tidak terkendali dapat mengancam kehidupan manusia dan hewan itu sendiri dengan cara menentukan batas-batas tertentu yang diperbolehkan dalam perang. Penggunaan hewan dalam perang menunjukkan adanya keterbatasan manusia dan ketergantungan manusia pada spesies lain. Hukum humaniter internasional hanya berfokus pada perlindungan manusia dan mengabaikan isu tentang bagaimana hewan ikut serta menjadi prajurit dalam perang serta dapat dijadikan sasaran militer. Padahal, hewan merupakan aktor tambahan yang turut andil dalam sengketa umat manusia dewasa ini. Meskipun teknologi militer terus berkembang dengan peralatan canggih, tidak dimungkiri bahwa beberapa kemampuan khusus tersebut hanya dapat dimiliki oleh spesies tertentu. Pada hakikatnya hukum humaniter mengatur mengenai dua pokok, yakni mengenai alat dan cara atau metode berperang (means and methods of warfare). Oleh karena itu, kepentingan hewan untuk terbebas dari rasa sakit dan penderitaan harus diakui sebagai nilai dalam sistem hukum, di mana perlunya pertimbangan terhadap kesejahteraan hewan dan penafsiran yang relevan untuk mengembangkan norma-norma dengan cara lain yang merujuk pada situasi-situasi di mana penderitaan merupakan bentuk yang sah dari eksploitasi hewan.

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Conclusion

Martin¹

2023

The Moral Implications of Human and Animal Vulnerability

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This chapter summarizes the book’s main ideas and arguments with regard to human and animal vulnerability. It identifies the specific function of vulnerability discourse—namely, directing our attention toward those individuals who need additional attention and special protection. Moreover, it addresses questions which are still open and in need of further investigation. Finally, responses and further clarifications are provided with regard to the account of vulnerability presented here, and further application fields of vulnerability discourse are fleshed out.

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Counting Animals in War

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Animals and the ethics of war: a call for an inclusive just-war theory

Animals and the ethics of war: a call for an inclusive just-war theory

Penggunaan Hewan dalam Konflik Bersenjata: Kajian Hukum Humaniter Internasional

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