Counterpoint: Exercise training does not induce vascular adaptations beyond the active muscle beds

Thijssen, Dick H. J.; Hopman, Maria T. E.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90570.2008a

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…popliteal artery) before the relatively inactive beds (i.e. brachial artery) (Thijssen & Hopman, 2008), both arteries in the present study display a similar time course in functional and structural adaptation. During cycling exercise, the change in brachial artery shear pattern in the resting upper limb is linked with endothelial NO release (Green et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Time course of change in vasodilator function and capacity in response to exercise training in humans

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Thijssen

Black

et al. 2008

The Journal of Physiology

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Studies of the impact of exercise training on arterial adaptation in healthy subjects have produced disparate results. It is possible that some studies failed to detect changes because functional and structural adaptations follow a different time course and may therefore not be detected at discrete time points. To gain insight into the time course of training-induced changes in artery function and structure, we examined conduit artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD), an index of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated artery function, and conduit dilator capacity (DC), a surrogate marker for arterial remodelling, in the brachial and popliteal arteries of 13 healthy male subjects (21.6 ± 0.6 years) and seven non-active controls (22.8 ± 0.2 years) studied at 2-week intervals across an 8-week cycle and treadmill exercise training programme. Brachial and popliteal artery FMD and DC did not change in control subjects at any time point. FMD increased from baseline (5.9 ± 0.5%) at weeks 2 and 4 (9.1 ± 0.6, 8.5 ± 0.6%, respectively, P < 0.01), but returned towards baseline levels again by week 8 (6.9 ± 0.7%). In contrast, brachial artery DC progressively increased from baseline (8.1 ± 0.4%) at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 (9.2 ± 0.6, 9.9 ± 0.6, 10.0 ± 0.5, 10.5 ± 0.8%, P < 0.05). Similarly, popliteal artery FMD increased from baseline (6.2 ± 0.7%) at weeks 2, 4 and 6 (9.1 ± 0.6, 9.5 ± 0.6, 7.8 ± 0.5%, respectively, P < 0.05), but decreased again by week 8 (6.5 ± 0.6%), whereas popliteal DC progressively increased from baseline (8.9 ± 0.4%) at week 4 and 8 (10.5 ± 0.7, 12.2 ± 0.6%, respectively, P < 0.05). These data suggest that functional changes in conduit arteries occur rapidly and precede arterial remodelling in vivo. These data suggest that complimentary adaptations occur in arterial function and structure and future studies should adopt multiple time point assessments to comprehensively assess arterial adaptations to interventions such as exercise training in humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Time course of change in vasodilator function and capacity in response to exercise training in humans

Tinken

Thijssen

Black

et al. 2008

The Journal of Physiology

Self Cite

223

190

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“…Important evidence endorsing the concept that exercise training exerts systemic effects on the arterial endothelium derives from human studies evaluating endothelial function in arteries that perfuse limbs that would be considered nonworking during training bouts (70, 192). Many, although not all (45, 53, 61, 105, 143, 161, 190, 191), interventional studies have demonstrated that lower-limb exercise training (e.g., cycling or walking) is associated with vascular adaptations in the arms (28, 46, 62, 85, 103, 118, 122, 124–126, 164, 197, 202, 203, 205, 206).…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise Training On the Endothelium Of Noncontramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reviews (65, 69, 93, 114, 115, 127, 144, 195) have described the vascular effects of exercise training in the coronary and skeletal muscle circulations and a debate remains on whether these adaptations extend to regions less active during exercise bouts (70, 192). In this regard, although previous reports have suggested the presence of a systemic influence of exercise on the vasculature (69, 70, 72, 93, 195), we are unaware of a review exclusively focused on endothelial adaptations in blood vessels of tissues beyond the active muscle beds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Effects of Exercise: Endothelial Adaptations Beyond Active Muscle Beds

et al. 2011

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“…Two studies performed in subjects with heart failure observed enhanced calf vasodilator capacity following lower limb exercise training (Demopoulos et al 1997; Dziekan et al 1998), whilst other studies induced increased peak common femoral artery blood flows in response to voluntary and electrically stimulated thigh exercise (Thijssen et al 2005). Finally, some studies have reported enhanced upper limb resistance artery vasodilator capacity following predominantly lower limb exercise training interventions (Maiorana et al 2001b; Silber et al 1991), although the generalisability of this vascular adaptation remains somewhat controversial (Green et al 2008a; Thijssen and Hopman 2008) ("Local versus systemic adaptations to exercise").…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise Training On Vascular Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of inactivity and exercise on the vasculature in humans

et al. 2009

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The effects of inactivity and exercise training on established and novel cardiovascular risk factors are relatively modest and do not account for the impact of inactivity and exercise on vascular risk. We examine evidence that inactivity and exercise have direct effects on both vasculature function and structure in humans. Physical deconditioning is associated with enhanced vasoconstrictor tone and has profound and rapid effects on arterial remodelling in both large and smaller arteries. Evidence for an effect of deconditioning on vasodilator function is less consistent. Studies of the impact of exercise training suggest that both functional and structural remodelling adaptations occur and that the magnitude and time-course of these changes depends upon training duration and intensity and the vessel beds involved. Inactivity and exercise have direct “vascular deconditioning and conditioning” effects which likely modify cardiovascular risk.

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Counterpoint: Exercise training does not induce vascular adaptations beyond the active muscle beds

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Time course of change in vasodilator function and capacity in response to exercise training in humans

Time course of change in vasodilator function and capacity in response to exercise training in humans

Vascular Effects of Exercise: Endothelial Adaptations Beyond Active Muscle Beds

Impact of inactivity and exercise on the vasculature in humans

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