Countermovement Jump Height

Abstract

The goal of this study was to assess (a) the eccentric rate of force development, the concentric force, and selected time variables on vertical performance during countermovement jump, (b) the existence of gender differences in these variables, and (c) the sport-specific differences. The sample was composed of 189 males and 84 females, all elite athletes involved in college and professional sports (primarily football, basketball, baseball, and volleyball). The subjects performed a series of 6 countermovement jumps on a force plate (500 Hz). Average eccentric rate of force development (ECC-RFD), total time (TIME), eccentric time (ECC-T), Ratio between eccentric and total time (ECC-T:T) and average force (CON-F) were extracted from force-time curves and the vertical jumping performance, measured by impulse momentum. Results show that CON-F (r = 0.57; p < 0.001) and ECC-RFD (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) are strongly correlated with the jump height (JH), whereas the time variables are slightly and negatively correlated (r = -0.21-0.23, p < 0.01). Force variables differ between both sexes (p < 0.01), whereas time variables did not differ, showing a similar temporal structure. The best way to jump high is to increase CON-F and ECC-RFD thus minimizing the ECC-T. Principal component analysis (PCA) accounted for 76.8% of the JH variance and revealed that JH is predicted by a temporal and a force component. Furthermore, the PCA comparison made among athletes revealed sport-specific signatures: volleyball players revealed a temporal-prevailing profile, a weak-force with large ECC-T:T for basketball players and explosive and powerful profiles for football and baseball players.

Countermovement Jump Analysis Using Different Portable Devices: Implications for Field Testing

“…An athlete’s CMJ performance is relevant in a variety of sports and commonly quantified by jump height (JH) or flight time (FT), which have been considered as indicators of vertical jump performance [ 1 , 2 ] and used to measure training adaptations and monitor neuromuscular fatigue [ 3 ]. However, CMJ execution is dependent on various time and force components throughout the various phases preceding the flight [ 4 ]. Therefore, the use of JH or FT in isolation as a global indicator of muscle power in the lower extremities does not inform about the specific contribution of neuromuscular components during ground contact, consequently masking training-induced adaptations or neuromuscular fatigue.…”

Biomechanical Characteristics of Single Leg Jump in Collegiate Basketball Players Based on Approach Technique

“…Our result indicates different patterns of the knee ROM with stop landing movement [26]; this may be because the RSJ focuses on follow-up jumping instead of landing. A higher ELR will shorten the downward phase and may create a beneficial situation for the SSC effect [15,16]; however, it did not reflect on the jumping performance and no difference was found in the joint moment and power output. These findings were different than those of previous studies indicating that the summed power, knee moment, and knee power increased with the approach speed [10].…”

“…The joint powers were computed by multiplying the respective joint moment by the joint angular velocity. The ELR is a measure of the absorption of landing explosive strength calculated from the average slope of the eccentric loading portion of the vGRF-time curve in the downward phase [16]. The eccentric loading portion was determined from the vGRF exceeding the body mass to the peak vertical vGRF.…”

“…Some studies reported an approach that increases jumping movement activation level, thus improving the explosive power and coordination of the neuromuscular control of lower limbs [5,10]. Previous studies reported that the running movement can increase both the ground reaction force [15] and lower extremities' joint torque [7,10] while maintaining a shorter ground contact time [15,16]. Therefore, the feature of RSJ causes a faster and more powerful jump than a jump from a standing position.…”

The Relationship between Pre-Season Testing Performance and Playing Time among NCAA Division II Men’s Soccer Athletes Over a Competitive Season: A Pilot Analysis

“…The best score from the three trials was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. 4,6,12,19 If these procedures were not adhered to, participants rested for 3-minutes and performed the jumps again. The Sayers power equation (Peak power (watts)=60.7×jump height (cm)+45.3×body mass (kg)-2055) was used to estimate total anaerobic power measured in watts (PAPw).…”