Countering matrix effects in environmental liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry water analysis for endocrine disrupting chemicals

Benijts, Tom; Dams, R.; Lambert, Willy E.; Leenheer, A. De

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2003.12.022

Cited by 197 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, QCs recoveries for venlafaxine (using atorvastatin-d5 as IS) and for levamisol (using cocaethylene-d8) were around 130%. As it has been already reported in the literature, the use of analogues IS does not always assure an efficient matrix effects correction [40,41]. Except for the differences due to the distinct sensitivity of the two procedures, the concentrations found by both of them for the wide majority of positive samples were rather similar, supporting the applicability and reliability of our more-sensitive large-volume direct injection approach.…”

Section: Analysis Of Water Samplessupporting

confidence: 52%

Fast determination of 40 drugs in water using large volume direct injection liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Boix

Ibáñez

Sancho

et al. 2015

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This work describes a rapid analytical method based on direct sample injection of water samples for the simultaneous identification/quantification of 40 emerging compounds, including pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse. The water samples were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS QqQ). Taking profit of the increasing sensitivity of nowadays's tandem mass spectrometers, direct sample injection of large volumes has been an attractive alternative to pre-concentration steps. In this work, the developed methodology has been validated at three concentration levels (10, 100 and 1000 ng/L) in 10 different water samples of different types (5 effluent wastewaters and 5 surface waters). The majority of compounds could be satisfactory validated at these concentrations, showing good recoveries and precision. With only few exceptions, the limits of quantification (LOQs), estimated from the sample chromatogram at lowest spiked level tested, were below 3 ng/L. The method was applied to the analysis of 10 effluent wastewaters and 10 surface water samples. Venlafaxine was the compound most frequently detected (80%) in surface water, followed by acetaminophen (70%). Regarding effluent wastewater, valsartan and 4-acetyl aminoantipyrine were detected in 9 out of 10 samples analyzed. These two compounds together with 4-formyl aminoantipyrine and naproxen showed the highest concentrations (>2000 ng/L). In these cases, a dilution step was required for a correct quantification. As an additional evaluation of the method performance, the same water samples were analyzed in other laboratory by a second analytical methodology, based on on-line solid-phase-extraction coupled to LC-MS/MS (QqQ). KeywordsDirect injection, illicit drugs of abuse, pharmaceuticals, effluent wastewater, surface water, liquid chromatography, triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

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Section: Analysis Of Water Samplessupporting

confidence: 52%

Fast determination of 40 drugs in water using large volume direct injection liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Boix

Ibáñez

Sancho

et al. 2015

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“…This is especially true for the analysis of these compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (10-12). However, even though the number of methods using LC-MS has risen dramatically, discussion of matrix suppression and enhancement that can occur during the use of LC-MS for environmental analysis and the effect it can have on quantification accuracy and precision has been discussed in a relatively small number of publications.Although the cause of matrix effects has been postulated to be natural organic matter (13), the mechanism still has not been fully resolved (14). Regardless, recent reports have shown drastic matrix effects when using LC-MS for the analysis of environmental and biological samples (14-21).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Isotope dilution has also been discussed as a means to compensate for matrix effects (14,18,19,21,23,(28)(29)(30). Although is it generally considered the most highly recommended (30) and the most versatile approach (19) for dealing with matrix effects, it has only been used in the past for the analysis of individual compounds or small groups of similar compounds and has been characterized as being costintensive and having a lack of availability (18,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still more have been developed to minimize matrix effects using different extraction, cleanup and elution techniques, including size-exclusion chromatography (18,24), solid-phase extraction (22), LC chromatographic procedures (14,22), ultra performance liquid chromatography (25), hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (26), flowsplitting and reduced eluent flow rates (24,27). However, most become problematic when applied to the simultaneous analysis of a broad range of compounds that encompass many different classes and structures in matrices having varying degrees of suppression and enhancement.Isotope dilution has also been discussed as a means to compensate for matrix effects (14,18,19,21,23,(28)(29)(30). Although is it generally considered the most highly recommended (30) and the most versatile approach (19) for dealing with matrix effects, it has only been used in the past for the analysis of individual compounds or small groups of similar compounds and has been characterized as being costintensive and having a lack of availability (18,24).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Water by Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Vanderford

Snyder

2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

417

222

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A method has been developed for the trace analysis of 15 pharmaceuticals, four metabolites of pharmaceuticals, three potential endocrine disruptors, and one personal care product in various waters. The method employs solidphase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), using electrospray ionization (ESI) in both positive and negative modes. Unlike many previous LC-MS/MS methods, which suffer from matrix suppression, this method uses isotope dilution for each compound to correct for matrix suppression, as well as SPE losses and instrument variability. The method was tested in five matrices, and results indicate that the method is very robust. Matrix spike recoveries for all compounds were between 88 and 106% for wastewater influent, 85 and 108% for wastewater effluent, 72 and 105% for surface water impacted by wastewater, 96 and 113% for surface water, and 91 and 116% for drinking water. The method reporting limits for all compounds were between 0.25 and 1.0 ng/L, based on 500 mL of sample extracted and a final extract volume of 500 µL. Occurrence of the compounds in all five matrices is also reported. IntroductionDue to a number of recent reports (1-7), sustained interest in the presence and fate of organic contaminants has been thoroughly established. As concern regarding the environmental impact of exogenous chemicals present in water continues to grow, so too have the number of analytical methods dedicated to their identification and quantification (8,9). This is especially true for the analysis of these compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (10-12). However, even though the number of methods using LC-MS has risen dramatically, discussion of matrix suppression and enhancement that can occur during the use of LC-MS for environmental analysis and the effect it can have on quantification accuracy and precision has been discussed in a relatively small number of publications.Although the cause of matrix effects has been postulated to be natural organic matter (13), the mechanism still has not been fully resolved (14). Regardless, recent reports have shown drastic matrix effects when using LC-MS for the analysis of environmental and biological samples (14-21). There have been a number of methods proposed to compensate for matrix effects by using different calibration techniques, including standard addition (13, 17, 22), surrogate monitoring (15, 20), and various forms of internal calibration (14-16, 19, 23). Still more have been developed to minimize matrix effects using different extraction, cleanup and elution techniques, including size-exclusion chromatography (18,24), solid-phase extraction (22), LC chromatographic procedures (14,22), ultra performance liquid chromatography (25), hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (26), flowsplitting and reduced eluent flow rates (24,27). However, most become problematic when applied to the simultaneous analysis of a broad range of compounds that encompass many different classes and structures in matrices havi...

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“…According to Benijts et al [75] the best way to tackle matrix effect is to use appropriate internal standards, being preferred an isotopically labeled one, even though they are not regularly available and alternatively structural analogues are used [76]. On the other hand, the internal standard had to elute close to the compound of interest, showing similar behavior in the detector, in such a way that more than one of them should be used [77].…”

Section: Variations In the Analytical Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometric strategies for enhancing the chromatographic methodologies with second-order data analysis of compounds when peaks are overlapped

Goicoechea

Culzoni

García

et al. 2011

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This overview covers the different chemometric strategies linked to chromatographic methodologies that have been used and presented in the recent literature to cope with problems related to incomplete separation, the presence of unexpected components in the sample, matrix effect and changes in the analytical signal due to pre-treatment of sample.Among the different chemometric strategies it focuses on pre-treatment of data to correct background and time shift of chromatographic peaks and the use of second-order algorithms to cope with overlapping peaks from analytes or from analytes and interferences in liquid chromatography coupled to diode array, fast-scanning fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry detectors.Finally the review presents the strategies used to deal with changes in the analytical response as result of matrix effect in liquid and gas chromatography, as well as the use of standardization strategies to correct modifications in the analytical signal as a consequence of sample pre-treatment in liquid chromatography.

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Countering matrix effects in environmental liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry water analysis for endocrine disrupting chemicals

Cited by 197 publications

References 40 publications

Fast determination of 40 drugs in water using large volume direct injection liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Fast determination of 40 drugs in water using large volume direct injection liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Water by Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Chemometric strategies for enhancing the chromatographic methodologies with second-order data analysis of compounds when peaks are overlapped

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