Abstract:Background: Assessment of efficacy in HIV prevention trials remains a challenge in the era of widespread use of active controls. We investigated use of countefactual groups to assess treatment efficacy.Methods: We used data from placebo arms of two previous HIV prevention efficacy trials (Pro2000 vaginal microbicide trial, 2005-2009 and dapivirine vaginal ring trial, 2013-2016) and four observational cohorts (two in each of the periods; (a) during the conduct of a simulated HIV vaccine efficacy trial (SiVET), … Show more
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