Countdown to 2015: tracking intervention coverage for child survival

Bryce, Jennifer; Terreri, Nancy; Victora, Cesar G; Mason, Elizabeth; Daelmans, Bernadette; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bustreo, Flavia; Songane, Francisco; Salama, Peter; Wardlaw, Tessa

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69339-2

Cited by 177 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This fi nding was confi rmed in a larger number of countries. 11 The analysis of co-coverage also showed variability in the patterns of inequity ( Figure 5). Whereas in countries with high coverage such as Brazil and Nicaragua the poorest quintile lagged signifi cantly behind the other four, in low coverage countries -such as Haiti and Cambodia -the richest quintile tended to be substantially ahead of the rest.…”

Section: Vulnerability: Factors Affecting Disease Severitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Socioeconomic inequities in the health and nutrition of children in low/middle income countries

et al. 2010

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OBJECTIVE:To describe the effects of social inequities on the health and nutrition of children in low and middle income countries. METHODS:We reviewed existing data on socioeconomic disparities withincountries relative to the use of services, nutritional status, morbidity, and mortality. A conceptual framework including fi ve major hierarchical categories affecting inequities was adopted: socioeconomic context and position, differential exposure, differential vulnerability, differential health outcomes, and differential consequences. The search of the PubMed database since 1990 identifi ed 244 articles related to the theme. Results were also analyzed from almost 100 recent national surveys, including Demographic Health Surveys and the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. RESULTS:Children from poor families are more likely, relative to those from better-off families, to be exposed to pathogenic agents; once they are exposed, they are more likely to become ill because of their lower resistance and lower coverage with preventive interventions. Once they become ill, they are less likely to have access to health services and the quality of these services is likely to be lower, with less access to life-saving treatments. As a consequence, children from poor family have higher mortality rates and are more likely to be undernourished. CONCLUSIONS:Except for child obesity and inadequate breastfeeding practices, all the other adverse conditions analyzed were more prevalent in children from less well-off families. Careful documentation of the multiple levels of determination of socioeconomic inequities in child health is essential for understanding the nature of this problem and for establishing interventions that can reduce these differences.

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Section: Vulnerability: Factors Affecting Disease Severitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Socioeconomic inequities in the health and nutrition of children in low/middle income countries

et al. 2010

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“…As the countdown to the year 2015 continues, median coverage rates for oral rehydration therapy (ORT) hover at 38% of episodes 9 among the 68 UNICEF priority countries with an increase in use of only 2 percentage points reported from 2000 to 2006. 10 The movement away from vertical programmes towards integrated case management of childhood infections has contributed to the shift from home and community-based management of diarrhoea to facility care and low levels of correct case management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and low osmolarity ORS for diarrhoea: a renewed call to action

Walker¹,

Fontaine²,

Young³

et al. 2009

Bull World Health Org

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In 2004, WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) released a joint statement recommending a new lower osmolarity oral rehydration salts (ORS) formulation and zinc supplementation for diarrhoea management. More than 5 years later, diarrhoea remains the second leading cause of death and few children in developing countries are receiving these life-saving interventions. Many countries are stalled in the technicalities of adapting national policy, while others struggle to find the funds for start-up activities. For nearly all countries, zinc supplements for children are not available locally; thus, zinc procurement continues to be a major obstacle. Global resources have not been sufficient to bring diarrhoea management to the forefront; thus, the introduction of these new recommendations has remained slow. Revitalizing diarrhoea management must become an international priority if we are going to reduce the burden of diarrhoea deaths and overall child mortality around the world.Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬

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“…In addition to facing an elevated risk for infectious diseases (1,5) , undernourished children face impaired cognitive and social development, poor school performance, reduced physical work capacity and the development of long-term cardiovascular and metabolic conditions (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) . Despite the importance of early child nutrition for survival and long-term development, the international nutrition community has faced many challenges in the development of a consensus on priorities, actions and strategies to combat the enduring problem of child undernutrition (6,12,13) . More than 30 years ago, the 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration (14) envisioned the provision of comprehensive, universal and affordable health-care services in all countries through community-based primary health care (PHC).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared environments: a multilevel analysis of community context and child nutritional status in Bangladesh

Corsi

Chow

Lear

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the influence of community environment on the nutritional status (weight-for-age and height-forage) of children (aged 0-59 months) in Bangladesh. In addition, we tested the association between specific characteristics of community environments and child nutritional status. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: The data are from the nationally representative 2004 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Subjects: Respondents were ever-married women (aged 15-49 years) and their children (n 5731), residing in 361 communities. Child nutritional outcomes are physical measurements of weight-for-age and height-for-age in SD units. We considered the following attributes of community environments potentially related to child nutrition: (i) community water and sanitation infrastructure; (ii) availability of community health and education services; (iii) community employment and social participation; and (iv) education level of the community. Results: Multilevel regression analysis showed that the spatial distribution of maternal and child covariates did not entirely explain the between-community variation in child nutritional status. The education level of the community emerged as the strongest community-level predictor of child height-for-age (highest v. lowest tertile, b 5 0?18 (SE 0?07)) and weight-for-age (highest v. lowest tertile, b 5 0?21 (SE 0?06)). In the height-for-age model, community employment and social participation also emerged as being statistically significant (highest v. lowest tertile, b 5 0?13 (SE 5 0?06)). Conclusions: The community environment influences child nutrition in Bangladesh, and maternal-and child-level covariates may fail to capture the entire influence of communities. Interventions to reduce child undernutrition in developing countries should take into consideration the wider community context.

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Countdown to 2015: tracking intervention coverage for child survival

Cited by 177 publications

References 12 publications

Socioeconomic inequities in the health and nutrition of children in low/middle income countries

Socioeconomic inequities in the health and nutrition of children in low/middle income countries

Zinc and low osmolarity ORS for diarrhoea: a renewed call to action

Shared environments: a multilevel analysis of community context and child nutritional status in Bangladesh

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