Counseling Minority Groups: A Review of the Literature

Rethinking Multicultural Counseling: Implications for Counselor Education

“…Much of the impetus for the development of the theory and techniques of cross-cultural counseling came from the civil rights movement of the 1960s and early 1970s. It has been amply documented that clients from minority groups are not adequately served by the mental health establishment (Pine, 1972; D. W. Sue et al, 1992; D. W. Sue & S. Sue, 1990;S. Sue & McKinney, 1975).…”

The Values of Counseling: Three Domains

“…Rather than considering the possibility that the counselor's values and the intervention strategy used may run counter to the client's value system, therapists often label the client as "abnormal" or "unresponsive to treatment" (Buss, 1966). The bias of this mind-set can lead to destructive rather than constructive results for those clients who do not possess values that coincide with the therapist's values or with the values underlying a particular approach to therapy (Pine, 1972).…”

The Rights of the Client

“…A review of the literature on counseling minority groups (Pine, 1972) shows that clients received less information about the content and process of therapeutic intervention, possessed minimal understanding of the therapeutic process, and were hesitant to reveal themselves psychologically. If the counselor is to be effective in helping clients, then it is imperative that clients be oriented to what counseling is and is not, what the role of the counselor is, and what one can expect to get out of counseling.…”